Pip用virtualenv安裝Matplotlib錯誤

Question

我正試圖在新的virtualenv中安裝matplotlib。

當我這樣做：

pip install matplotlib 

或

pip install http://sourceforge.net/projects/matplotlib/files/matplotlib/matplotlib-1.1.0/matplotlib-1.1.0.tar.gz 

我得到這個錯誤：

building 'matplotlib._png' extension 

gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -fPIC - DPY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL=MPL_ARRAY_API -DPYCXX_ISO_CPP_LIB=1 -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include -I. -I/home/sam/django-projects/datazone/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I. -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c src/_png.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/src/_png.o 

src/_png.cpp:10:20: fatal error: png.h: No such file or directory 

compilation terminated. 

error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 

人有一個想法是怎麼回事？

任何幫助非常感謝。

Answer 1

建設Matplotlib需要libpng（和freetype），這不是一個Python庫，所以pip不處理安裝它（或freetype）。

你需要安裝一些東西沿libpng-devel和freetype-devel（或任何相當於您的操作系統）。

查看matplotlib的building requirements/instructions。

Answer 2

要生成PNG格式的圖形，你需要安裝以下依賴的包

sudo apt-get install libpng-dev 
sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev 

Ubuntu的https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/libpng12-0/ 或者使用下面的命令

sudo apt-get install libpng12-0 

Answer 3

作爲補充，在Amazon EC2上，我需要什麼做的是：

sudo yum install freetype-devel 
sudo yum install libpng-devel 
sudo pip install matplotlib 

Answer 4

在OSX上我能得到matplotlib通過安裝：

pip install matplotlib==1.4.0 

後，才跑了：

brew install freetype 

Answer 5

正如我這個問題掙扎的兩倍（甚至在新鮮的Kubuntu 15.04安裝）和安裝的FreeType沒有解決任何問題，我進一步調查。

解決方案是：
From github issue:

This bug only occurs if pkg-config is not installed;
a simple
sudo apt-get install pkg-config
will shore up the include paths for now.

此安裝完畢後可順利地進行。

Answer 6

sudo apt-get install libpng-dev libjpeg8-dev libfreetype6-dev 

在Ubuntu 14上爲我工作。04

Answer 7

上述答案的薄荷爲我工作，所以我所做的：

sudo apt-get install build-essential g++ 

Answer 8

在Windows中，這個工作對我來說：

python -m pip install -U pip setuptools 
python -m pip install matplotlib 

（從https://matplotlib.org/users/installing.html）

Answer 9

如果在MacOSx上試試

xcode-select --install 

這符合subprocess 32，失敗的原因。

Answer 10

爲了減少所需的軟件包安裝，你只需要

apt-get install -y \ 
    libfreetype6-dev \ 
    libxft-dev && \ 
    pip install matplotlib 

，你會得到下面的軟件包安裝在本地

Collecting matplotlib 
    Downloading matplotlib-2.2.0-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (12.5MB) 
Collecting pytz (from matplotlib) 
    Downloading pytz-2018.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (509kB) 
Collecting python-dateutil>=2.1 (from matplotlib) 
    Downloading python_dateutil-2.6.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (194kB) 
Collecting pyparsing!=2.0.4,!=2.1.2,!=2.1.6,>=2.0.1 (from matplotlib) 
    Downloading pyparsing-2.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56kB) 
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.10 in /opt/conda/envs/pytorch-py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages (from matplotlib) 
Collecting cycler>=0.10 (from matplotlib) 
    Downloading cycler-0.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
Collecting kiwisolver>=1.0.1 (from matplotlib) 
    Downloading kiwisolver-1.0.1-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (949kB) 
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.7.1 in /opt/conda/envs/pytorch-py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages (from matplotlib) 
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /opt/conda/envs/pytorch-py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools-27.2.0-py3.5.egg (from kiwisolver>=1.0.1->matplotlib) 
Installing collected packages: pytz, python-dateutil, pyparsing, cycler, kiwisolver, matplotlib 
Successfully installed cycler-0.10.0 kiwisolver-1.0.1 matplotlib-2.2.0 pyparsing-2.2.0 python-dateutil-2.6.1 pytz-2018.3