(編輯:我寫了一個解決方案基礎上hpaulj的回答,請參閱代碼在文章底部)索引使用切片的numpy的數組numpy的陣列
我寫了細分功能的n維將數組排列成較小的數組,使得每個子部分總共具有max_chunk_size
個元素。
因爲我需要細分許多相同形狀的數組,然後在相應的塊上執行操作,它實際上不會對數據進行操作,而不會創建「索引器」數組,即i。即一組(slice(x1, x2), slice(y1, y2), ...)
對象(請參閱下面的代碼)。有了這些索引器,我可以通過調用the_array[indexer[i]]
來檢索細分(請參閱下面的示例)。另外,這些索引器的數組具有與輸入相同的維數,並且分割沿着對應的軸對齊,即,即塊the_array[indexer[i,j,k]]
和the_array[indexer[i+1,j,k]]
沿0軸adjusent等
我期待,我也應該能夠通過調用the_array[indexer[i:i+2,j,k]]
來連接這些塊和the_array[indexer]
將返回剛剛the_array
,然而,這樣的調用導致的錯誤:
IndexError: arrays used as indices must be of integer (or boolean) type
有沒有簡單的方法來解決這個錯誤?
下面的代碼:
import numpy as np
import itertools
def subdivide(shape, max_chunk_size=500000):
shape = np.array(shape).astype(float)
total_size = shape.prod()
# calculate maximum slice shape:
slice_shape = np.floor(shape * min(max_chunk_size/total_size, 1.0)**(1./len(shape))).astype(int)
# create a list of slices for each dimension:
slices = [[slice(left, min(right, n)) \
for left, right in zip(range(0, n, step_size), range(step_size, n + step_size, step_size))] \
for n, step_size in zip(shape.astype(int), slice_shape)]
result = np.empty(reduce(lambda a,b:a*len(b), slices, 1), dtype=np.object)
for i, el in enumerate(itertools.product(*slices)): result[i] = el
result.shape = np.ceil(shape/slice_shape).astype(int)
return result
下面是一個例子用法:
>>> ar = np.arange(90).reshape(6,15)
>>> ar
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
[15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29],
[30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44],
[45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59],
[60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74],
[75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89]])
>>> slices = subdivide(ar.shape, 16)
>>> slices
array([[(slice(0, 2, None), slice(0, 6, None)),
(slice(0, 2, None), slice(6, 12, None)),
(slice(0, 2, None), slice(12, 15, None))],
[(slice(2, 4, None), slice(0, 6, None)),
(slice(2, 4, None), slice(6, 12, None)),
(slice(2, 4, None), slice(12, 15, None))],
[(slice(4, 6, None), slice(0, 6, None)),
(slice(4, 6, None), slice(6, 12, None)),
(slice(4, 6, None), slice(12, 15, None))]], dtype=object)
>>> ar[slices[1,0]]
array([[30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35],
[45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50]])
>>> ar[slices[0,2]]
array([[12, 13, 14],
[27, 28, 29]])
>>> ar[slices[2,1]]
array([[66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71],
[81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86]])
>>> ar[slices[:2,1:3]]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: arrays used as indices must be of integer (or boolean) type
下面是基於hpaulj的回答的溶液:
import numpy as np
import itertools
class Subdivision():
def __init__(self, shape, max_chunk_size=500000):
shape = np.array(shape).astype(float)
total_size = shape.prod()
# calculate maximum slice shape:
slice_shape = np.floor(shape * min(max_chunk_size/total_size, 1.0)**(1./len(shape))).astype(int)
# create a list of slices for each dimension:
slices = [[slice(left, min(right, n)) \
for left, right in zip(range(0, n, step_size), range(step_size, n + step_size, step_size))] \
for n, step_size in zip(shape.astype(int), slice_shape)]
self.slices = \
np.array(list(itertools.product(*slices)), \
dtype=np.object).reshape(tuple(np.ceil(shape/slice_shape).astype(int)) + (len(shape),))
def __getitem__(self, args):
if type(args) != tuple: args = (args,)
# turn integer index into equivalent slice
args = tuple(slice(arg, arg + 1 if arg != -1 else None) if type(arg) == int else arg for arg in args)
# select the slices
# always select all elements from the last axis (which contains slices for each data dimension)
slices = self.slices[args + ((slice(None),) if Ellipsis in args else (Ellipsis, slice(None)))]
return np.ix_(*tuple(np.r_[tuple(slices[tuple([0] * i + [slice(None)] + \
[0] * (len(slices.shape) - 2 - i) + [i])])] \
for i in range(len(slices.shape) - 1)))
實例:
>>> ar = np.arange(90).reshape(6,15)
>>> ar
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
[15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29],
[30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44],
[45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59],
[60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74],
[75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89]])
>>> subdiv = Subdivision(ar.shape, 16)
>>> ar[subdiv[...]]
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
[15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29],
[30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44],
[45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59],
[60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74],
[75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89]])
>>> ar[subdiv[0]]
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
[15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29]])
>>> ar[subdiv[:2,1]]
array([[ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11],
[21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26],
[36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41],
[51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56]])
>>> ar[subdiv[2,:3]]
array([[60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74],
[75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89]])
>>> ar[subdiv[...,:2]]
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11],
[15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26],
[30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41],
[45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56],
[60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71],
[75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86]])
感謝您的回答!我用'np.r_'和'np.xi_'的建議來創建一個類並定義它的'__getitem__'方法來返回所需的索引數組(參見更新後的OP)。 – SiLiKhon