在訪問或宏中排列數據

Question

我在Excel表中有一些數據，我試圖讓這些數據訪問。但數據真的很糟糕。這就是excel所具有的。

國家，產品ID，1qtr 2010閃光燈，2qtr 2010閃光燈，3qtr 2010閃光燈，4qtr 2010閃光燈， 1qtr 2011年財政預算等....

現在你可以看到這是一個非常不好的數據存儲方式。我想在這個表上運行一些查詢，但是對於當前的模式來說這很困難，因爲每年都會添加新的列。

我想一些辦法（可能是一些SQL查詢），這將更好地結構創建這些數據的新表，如下面

國家，產品ID，價值，年份，QTR，類型

希望你明白我的觀點。任何人都可以給我建議無論是在Access或Excel中

Answer 1

你所尋求的解決方案的一般形式的一些方法是使用UNION查詢，像這樣：

SELECT [country], [product], [id], 
    [1qtr 2010 flash] AS [Value], 
    2010 AS [Year], 
    1 AS [Qtr], 
    "flash" AS [Type] 
FROM ImportedTable 
UNION ALL 
SELECT [country], [product], [id], 
    [2qtr 2010 flash] AS [Value], 
    2010 AS [Year], 
    2 AS [Qtr], 
    "flash" AS [Type] 
FROM ImportedTable 
UNION ALL 
SELECT [country], [product], [id], 
    [3qtr 2010 flash] AS [Value], 
    2010 AS [Year], 
    3 AS [Qtr], 
    "flash" AS [Type] 
FROM ImportedTable 
... 

你可以保存這樣的查詢與像[ReformatDataFromExcel]這樣的名稱，那麼當您導入具有新列的更新Excel饋送時，您可以根據需要通過複製和粘貼新的UNION ALL子句來更新查詢。

- 編輯 -

或者，如果你想建立通過代碼然後一些VBA這樣的SQL查詢字符串...

Sub BuildQueries() 
Dim cdb As DAO.Database, fld As DAO.Field, sSQL As String 
Dim sYear As String, sQtr As String, sType As String, a() As String 
Set cdb = CurrentDb 
For Each fld In cdb.TableDefs("ImportedTable").Fields 
    Select Case fld.Name 
     Case "country", "product", "id" 
      ' do nothing 
     Case Else 
      a = Split(fld.Name, " ", -1, vbBinaryCompare) 
      sQtr = Left(a(0), 1) 
      sYear = a(1) 
      sType = a(2) 
      sSQL = _ 
        "SELECT [country], [product], [id], " & _ 
        "[" & fld.Name & "] AS [Value], " & _ 
        sYear & " AS [Year], " & _ 
        sQtr & " AS [Qtr], " & _ 
        """" & sType & """ AS [Type] " & _ 
        "FROM ImportedTable" 
      Debug.Print sSQL ' or whatever you want to do with the query 
    End Select 
Next 
Set fld = Nothing 
Set cdb = Nothing 
End Sub 

...可以建立SQL字符串像這個：

SELECT [country], [product], [id], [1qtr 2010 flash] AS [Value], 2010 AS [Year], 1 AS [Qtr], "flash" AS [Type] FROM ImportedTable 
SELECT [country], [product], [id], [2qtr 2010 flash] AS [Value], 2010 AS [Year], 2 AS [Qtr], "flash" AS [Type] FROM ImportedTable 
SELECT [country], [product], [id], [3qtr 2010 flash] AS [Value], 2010 AS [Year], 3 AS [Qtr], "flash" AS [Type] FROM ImportedTable 
SELECT [country], [product], [id], [4qtr 2010 flash] AS [Value], 2010 AS [Year], 4 AS [Qtr], "flash" AS [Type] FROM ImportedTable 
SELECT [country], [product], [id], [1qtr 2011 budget] AS [Value], 2011 AS [Year], 1 AS [Qtr], "budget" AS [Type] FROM ImportedTable 
SELECT [country], [product], [id], [2qtr 2011 budget] AS [Value], 2011 AS [Year], 2 AS [Qtr], "budget" AS [Type] FROM ImportedTable 
SELECT [country], [product], [id], [3qtr 2011 budget] AS [Value], 2011 AS [Year], 3 AS [Qtr], "budget" AS [Type] FROM ImportedTable 
SELECT [country], [product], [id], [4qtr 2011 budget] AS [Value], 2011 AS [Year], 4 AS [Qtr], "budget" AS [Type] FROM ImportedTable