將Python標準庫中的模塊安裝到本地目錄的標準方式是什麼？

Question

我發現我使用的服務器管理員往往會使python模塊非常過時，我沒有時間等待此人更新全局目錄。

有沒有什麼辦法可以讓我的本地python模塊優先於全局庫而無需手動修改sys.path？

Answer 1

有多種選擇。如果您使用Python 2.6或更高版本，則可以使用Python的Distutils支持的user installation scheme將Python模塊安裝到您的主目錄中。如鏈接中所述，只需將--user添加到setup.py install命令。另一個流行的選擇是使用第三方virtualenv包創建一個或多個獨立的本地Python環境。

更新：對於user installation scheme，在Python啓動過程中檢查用戶site-packages目錄。如果該目錄存在，則將其添加到系統站點包目錄之前的sys.path。例如，使用Debian Linux安裝：

$ python2.7 -c 'import site; print(site.USER_SITE)' 
/home/nad/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages 
$ ls -l /home/nad/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages 
ls: cannot access /home/nad/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages: No such file or directory 
$ python2.7 -c 'import sys; print(sys.path)' 
['', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7'] 
# user site-packages dir doesn't exist so it's not in sys.path 
$ mkdir -p ~/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages 
$ python2.7 -c 'import sys; print(sys.path)' 
['', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/home/nad/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7'] 
# now user site-packages dir exists so it is in sys.path and before /usr/lib ones