如何將以下內容轉換爲System.TimeZone或System.TimeZoneInfo？來自Olson時區的.NET TimeZoneInfo
{
"timeZone": "America/Los_Angeles",
"currentOffsetMs": -25200000
}
這是我從第三方Web服務獲取的數據。
我假設偏移量是與UTC的差值，並且我被告知「America/Los_Angeles」是奧爾森時區。 Java在解析Java時區時沒有問題，但我需要將它解析爲C＃TimeZoneInfo對象。
This Unicode.org page具有「奧爾森時區的Win32時區」表。從那裏，我創建了一個可愛的小C＃輔助函數來從奧爾森時區字符串映射到.NET的TimeZoneInfo：
/// <summary>
/// Converts an Olson time zone ID to a Windows time zone ID.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="olsonTimeZoneId">An Olson time zone ID. See http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/zone_tzid.html. </param>
/// <returns>
/// The TimeZoneInfo corresponding to the Olson time zone ID,
/// or null if you passed in an invalid Olson time zone ID.
/// </returns>
/// <remarks>
/// See http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/zone_tzid.html
/// </remarks>
public static TimeZoneInfo OlsonTimeZoneToTimeZoneInfo(string olsonTimeZoneId)
{
var olsonWindowsTimes = new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{ "Africa/Bangui", "W. Central Africa Standard Time" },
{ "Africa/Cairo", "Egypt Standard Time" },
{ "Africa/Casablanca", "Morocco Standard Time" },
{ "Africa/Harare", "South Africa Standard Time" },
{ "Africa/Johannesburg", "South Africa Standard Time" },
{ "Africa/Lagos", "W. Central Africa Standard Time" },
{ "Africa/Monrovia", "Greenwich Standard Time" },
{ "Africa/Nairobi", "E. Africa Standard Time" },
{ "Africa/Windhoek", "Namibia Standard Time" },
{ "America/Anchorage", "Alaskan Standard Time" },
{ "America/Argentina/San_Juan", "Argentina Standard Time" },
{ "America/Asuncion", "Paraguay Standard Time" },
{ "America/Bahia", "Bahia Standard Time" },
{ "America/Bogota", "SA Pacific Standard Time" },
{ "America/Buenos_Aires", "Argentina Standard Time" },
{ "America/Caracas", "Venezuela Standard Time" },
{ "America/Cayenne", "SA Eastern Standard Time" },
{ "America/Chicago", "Central Standard Time" },
{ "America/Chihuahua", "Mountain Standard Time (Mexico)" },
{ "America/Cuiaba", "Central Brazilian Standard Time" },
{ "America/Denver", "Mountain Standard Time" },
{ "America/Fortaleza", "SA Eastern Standard Time" },
{ "America/Godthab", "Greenland Standard Time" },
{ "America/Guatemala", "Central America Standard Time" },
{ "America/Halifax", "Atlantic Standard Time" },
{ "America/Indianapolis", "US Eastern Standard Time" },
{ "America/Indiana/Indianapolis", "US Eastern Standard Time" },
{ "America/La_Paz", "SA Western Standard Time" },
{ "America/Los_Angeles", "Pacific Standard Time" },
{ "America/Mexico_City", "Mexico Standard Time" },
{ "America/Montevideo", "Montevideo Standard Time" },
{ "America/New_York", "Eastern Standard Time" },
{ "America/Noronha", "UTC-02" },
{ "America/Phoenix", "US Mountain Standard Time" },
{ "America/Regina", "Canada Central Standard Time" },
{ "America/Santa_Isabel", "Pacific Standard Time (Mexico)" },
{ "America/Santiago", "Pacific SA Standard Time" },
{ "America/Sao_Paulo", "E. South America Standard Time" },
{ "America/St_Johns", "Newfoundland Standard Time" },
{ "America/Tijuana", "Pacific Standard Time" },
{ "Antarctica/McMurdo", "New Zealand Standard Time" },
{ "Atlantic/South_Georgia", "UTC-02" },
{ "Asia/Almaty", "Central Asia Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Amman", "Jordan Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Baghdad", "Arabic Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Baku", "Azerbaijan Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Bangkok", "SE Asia Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Beirut", "Middle East Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Calcutta", "India Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Colombo", "Sri Lanka Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Damascus", "Syria Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Dhaka", "Bangladesh Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Dubai", "Arabian Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Irkutsk", "North Asia East Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Jerusalem", "Israel Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Kabul", "Afghanistan Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Kamchatka", "Kamchatka Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Karachi", "Pakistan Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Katmandu", "Nepal Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Kolkata", "India Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Krasnoyarsk", "North Asia Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Kuala_Lumpur", "Singapore Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Kuwait", "Arab Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Magadan", "Magadan Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Muscat", "Arabian Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Novosibirsk", "N. Central Asia Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Oral", "West Asia Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Rangoon", "Myanmar Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Riyadh", "Arab Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Seoul", "Korea Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Shanghai", "China Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Singapore", "Singapore Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Taipei", "Taipei Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Tashkent", "West Asia Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Tbilisi", "Georgian Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Tehran", "Iran Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Tokyo", "Tokyo Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Ulaanbaatar", "Ulaanbaatar Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Vladivostok", "Vladivostok Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Yakutsk", "Yakutsk Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Yekaterinburg", "Ekaterinburg Standard Time" },
{ "Asia/Yerevan", "Armenian Standard Time" },
{ "Atlantic/Azores", "Azores Standard Time" },
{ "Atlantic/Cape_Verde", "Cape Verde Standard Time" },
{ "Atlantic/Reykjavik", "Greenwich Standard Time" },
{ "Australia/Adelaide", "Cen. Australia Standard Time" },
{ "Australia/Brisbane", "E. Australia Standard Time" },
{ "Australia/Darwin", "AUS Central Standard Time" },
{ "Australia/Hobart", "Tasmania Standard Time" },
{ "Australia/Perth", "W. Australia Standard Time" },
{ "Australia/Sydney", "AUS Eastern Standard Time" },
{ "Etc/GMT", "UTC" },
{ "Etc/GMT+11", "UTC-11" },
{ "Etc/GMT+12", "Dateline Standard Time" },
{ "Etc/GMT+2", "UTC-02" },
{ "Etc/GMT-12", "UTC+12" },
{ "Europe/Amsterdam", "W. Europe Standard Time" },
{ "Europe/Athens", "GTB Standard Time" },
{ "Europe/Belgrade", "Central Europe Standard Time" },
{ "Europe/Berlin", "W. Europe Standard Time" },
{ "Europe/Brussels", "Romance Standard Time" },
{ "Europe/Budapest", "Central Europe Standard Time" },
{ "Europe/Dublin", "GMT Standard Time" },
{ "Europe/Helsinki", "FLE Standard Time" },
{ "Europe/Istanbul", "GTB Standard Time" },
{ "Europe/Kiev", "FLE Standard Time" },
{ "Europe/London", "GMT Standard Time" },
{ "Europe/Minsk", "E. Europe Standard Time" },
{ "Europe/Moscow", "Russian Standard Time" },
{ "Europe/Paris", "Romance Standard Time" },
{ "Europe/Sarajevo", "Central European Standard Time" },
{ "Europe/Warsaw", "Central European Standard Time" },
{ "Indian/Mauritius", "Mauritius Standard Time" },
{ "Pacific/Apia", "Samoa Standard Time" },
{ "Pacific/Auckland", "New Zealand Standard Time" },
{ "Pacific/Fiji", "Fiji Standard Time" },
{ "Pacific/Guadalcanal", "Central Pacific Standard Time" },
{ "Pacific/Guam", "West Pacific Standard Time" },
{ "Pacific/Honolulu", "Hawaiian Standard Time" },
{ "Pacific/Pago_Pago", "UTC-11" },
{ "Pacific/Port_Moresby", "West Pacific Standard Time" },
{ "Pacific/Tongatapu", "Tonga Standard Time" }
};
var windowsTimeZoneId = default(string);
var windowsTimeZone = default(TimeZoneInfo);
if (olsonWindowsTimes.TryGetValue(olsonTimeZoneId, out windowsTimeZoneId))
{
try { windowsTimeZone = TimeZoneInfo.FindSystemTimeZoneById(windowsTimeZoneId); }
catch (TimeZoneNotFoundException) { }
catch (InvalidTimeZoneException) { }
}
return windowsTimeZone;
}
不幸的是，這張表是不完整的。 unicode.org提供的是Windows TZ - > Olson映射，而不是相反。奧爾森還有許多meta名稱，例如歐洲/蘇黎世，這些名稱沒有被反向映射所覆蓋。 – 2012-01-05 10:47:44
很高興知道。你知道奧爾森名字的全面清單嗎？我很樂意更新這篇文章。 – 2012-01-05 15:36:06
有一個更完整的列表在http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8372537/converting-olson-tzid-to-windows-time-zone ...我目前正在驗證其完整性和準確性的過程。 – 2012-01-05 21:34:04
轉換成currentOffsetMs小時，剩餘分鐘後，你可以枚舉定義的TimeZoneInfo對象：
foreach (TimeZoneInfo nextZone in TimeZoneInfo.GetSystemTimeZones())
{
int nextHours = nextZone.BaseUtcOffset.Hours + 24; // To prevent negative numbers
int nextMinutes = nextZone.BaseUtcOffset.Minutes;
if (tzHours == nextHours && tzMinutes == nextMinutes)
{
myTimeZoneInfo = nextZone;
break;
}
}
有幫助，但不夠精確。多個時區具有相同的偏移量「UTC-07：00 Chihuahua，La Paz，Mazatlan」和「UTC-07：00 Arizona」具有相同的偏移量。 – 2011-05-13 19:21:31
你可能要考慮喬恩斯基特的Noda-Time和完全放棄的TimeZoneInfo。 Noda-Time使用Olson時區，因此您的映射將是小菜一碟。還有其他原因，您可能希望使用它：
What's wrong with DateTime anyway?
SO question of mine the outcome of which was to use Noda-Time
我添加了一個答案，顯示如何用NodaTime做到這一點。 – 2013-04-13 17:39:15
我想出了一個小片段在http://unicode.org/repos/cldr/trunk/common/supplemental/windowsZones.xml
得到奧爾森從XML Windows時區映射列表（使用LINQ XML）private static void LoadMappingsO()
{
var file = new FileInfo("windowsZones.xml");
if (!file.Exists)
{
return;
}
var map = new Dictionary<string, string>();
using (var reader = file.OpenText())
{
var readerSettings = new XmlReaderSettings { XmlResolver = null, ProhibitDtd = false };
using (var xmlReader = XmlReader.Create(reader, readerSettings))
{
var document = new XPathDocument(xmlReader);
var navigator = document.CreateNavigator();
var nodes = navigator.Select("/supplementalData/windowsZones/mapTimezones/mapZone");
while (nodes.MoveNext())
{
var node = nodes.Current;
if (node == null) continue;
var olsonNames = node.GetAttribute("type", "").Split(' ');
var windowsName = node.GetAttribute("other", "");
foreach (var olsonName in olsonNames)
{
if (!map.ContainsKey(olsonName))
{
map.Add(olsonName, windowsName);
}
}
}
}
}
using (TextWriter tw = new StreamWriter("dict.txt", false))
{
foreach (var key in map.Keys)
{
tw.WriteLine(string.Format("{{\"{0}\", \"{1}\"}},", key, map[key]));
}
}
}
UPDATE：
private static void LoadMappings()
{
var map = new Dictionary<string, string>();
var xdoc = XDocument.Load("windowsZones.xml");
var zones = xdoc.XPathSelectElements("/supplementalData/windowsZones/mapTimezones/mapZone");
foreach (var zone in zones)
{
var olsonNames = zone.Attribute("type")?.Value.Split(' ');
if (olsonNames == null)
continue;
var windowsName = zone.Attribute("other")?.Value;
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(windowsName))
continue;
foreach (var olsonName in olsonNames)
{
map[olsonName] = windowsName;
}
}
using (TextWriter tw = new StreamWriter("dict.txt", false))
{
foreach (var key in map.Keys)
{
tw.WriteLine($"{{\"{key}\", \"{map[key]}\"}},");
}
}
}
不錯。我不知道它是否可以通過LINQ到XML更清潔。但是，謝謝。 – 2012-03-02 16:31:44
@Hosney是的，但請不要編寫自動從unicode.org獲取文件的代碼。下載CLDR版本並將文件包含在您的應用中。此URL現在正在下載濫用。 – 2014-07-02 23:16:22
該代碼不會從unicode.org獲取文件。正如你所看到的，代碼使用FileInfo來讀取本地存儲在應用程序路徑中的xml文件。 – H77 2014-07-03 00:45:14
更新：我已經從腳本中刪除了URL。請手動輸入文件。這個腳本並不打算在unicode.org上不斷加載不必要的負載。請參閱下面的評論。
此Powershell腳本可用於使用unicode.org中的當前XML文件生成case語句。它生成從IANA名稱到TimeZoneInfoId的映射。
# Download the xml file.
$xml = [Xml] /// Load the XML content here
# Parse the fields we want from the XML.
$mappings1 = $xml.supplementalData.windowsZones.mapTimezones.mapZone | select Type,Other
# Extrapolate extra rows for entries that contain more than one IANA name seperated by spaces.
# Example: |<mapZone other="Alaskan Standard Time" territory="US" type="America/Anchorage America/Juneau America/Nome America/Sitka America/Yakutat"/>
$mappings2 = $mappings1 | %{
$mapping = $_
$_.Type.Split(" ") | %{
New-Object PSObject -Property @{type = $_; other = $mapping.other}
}
}
# Remove dup's
$mappings3 = $mappings2 | sort type -Unique
# Generate the case statements.
$mappings3 | %{ [String]::Format("case @""{0}"": return @""{1}"";", $_.Type, $_.Other)}
只是給你和任何讀者的說明 - 請不要無條件地下載這個XML文件。它正在下載濫用。真的，手動下載一次並使用它。謝謝。 – 2014-07-03 01:48:58
@Jared;請介意將此代碼片斷直接從unicode.org SVN中取出'windowsZones.xml'嗎？ （可以從磁盤讀取它或假定用戶手動下載）。目前，該文件的直接獲取會佔用他們網絡帶寬的很大一部分。這個請求剛剛在幾天前被加入了數百萬次點擊。這表明某人的代碼正在迭代很多次。雖然它不能解決這些命中的問題（因爲誰這樣做可能不會看到這個消息），但它會阻止未來發生這種情況發生。謝謝。 – Shervin 2014-07-03 01:49:35
嘿， 我已經從腳本中刪除了該URL。它從來不打算經常運行。我個人只運行一次，每6個月左右一次。 – 2014-07-03 05:52:54
這裏是一個反向映射（TZDB - >視窗）使用NodaTime函數：
using NodaTime;
using NodaTime.TimeZones;
...
public TimeZoneInfo GetTimeZoneInfoForTzdbId(string tzdbId)
{
var mappings = TzdbDateTimeZoneSource.Default.WindowsMapping.MapZones;
var map = mappings.FirstOrDefault(x =>
x.TzdbIds.Any(z => z.Equals(tzdbId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)));
return map == null ? null : TimeZoneInfo.FindSystemTimeZoneById(map.WindowsId);
}
注意，這是有可能存在一個以上的映射（在這種情況下，這只是使用的第一個找到），或根本沒有映射（在這裏返回null）。
在最常用的時區，這應該工作得很好。但更好的解決方案是跳過使用TimeZoneInfo，並在整個應用程序中直接使用NodaTime，直接使用TZDB區域。
沒有該名稱的時區。你得到的偏移量也沒有多大幫助，它只會告訴你偏移量是從UTC開始的-7小時。找到洛杉磯所在的太平洋時區並不是非常有用，它與UTC的偏差爲-8小時。由於夏令時有效，您將獲得-7。這將會改變。如果必須的話，你可以使用這個列表來翻譯：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones – 2011-05-13 20:45:49
TZ數據庫列表也可以作爲.NET庫使用：codeplex.com/zoneinfo但是，沒有幫助;它不會返回任何可映射回標準.NET TimeZoneInfo的東西。 GRRRR。 – 2011-05-16 17:08:33
@HansPassant - America/Los_Angeles是來自IANA時區數據庫https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America/Los_Angeles的時區標識符。 – Matt 2014-10-03 14:10:48