需要Python調試建議

Question

我正在嘗試製作一個tic tac腳趾程序，我將用戶設置爲X並且將計算機設置爲Y.一次獲勝者是 宣稱它是 假設 要開始遊戲再玩。它在第一次循環中完美運行，但是在下面的遊戲中，它將用戶更改爲O並將計算機更改爲O，同時也只有用戶纔有一個回合計算機永遠不會去， 但程序 將計算機註冊爲獲勝因爲電腦是O.如果程序選擇電腦先走， 它會使 第一步，但它不會再次轉向。我認爲循環有問題，但我不知道 在哪裏。

import random 


winningCombinations=[] 
userhistory=[] 
secondchance=[] 

def drawBoard(board): 
    # This function prints out the board that it was passed. 
    # "board" is a list of 10 strings representing the board (ignore index 0) 
    print('') 
    print('') 
    print(' | |') 
    print(' ' + board[7] + ' | ' + board[8] + ' | ' + board[9]) 
    print(' | |') 
    print('-----------') 
    print(' | |') 
    print(' ' + board[4] + ' | ' + board[5] + ' | ' + board[6]) 
    print(' | |') 
    print('-----------') 
    print(' | |') 
    print(' ' + board[1] + ' | ' + board[2] + ' | ' + board[3]) 
    print(' | |') 
    print('') 
    print('') 

def getComputerMove(): 

    # Here is our algorithm for our Tic Tac Toe AI: 
    if userhistory in winningCombinations: 
     #try to beat it 
     blockingMove = secondchance[len(secondchance)-1] 
     return blockingMove 
    else: 
     #make a rando move 

     move = random.randint(1, 9) 
     while theBoard[move] != ' ': #if the move is invalid or occupied 
      move = random.randint(1, 9) 
     return move 




print('Welcome to Tic Tac Toe!') 

#First ask the user if it wants to be X or 0 
userin = '' 
#while not (userin == 'X' or userin == 'O'): 
# userin = raw_input('Do you want to be X or O?').upper() 
# the first element in the tuple is the player's letter, the second is the computer's letter. 
#if userin == 'X': 
# playerLetter, computerLetter = ['X', 'O'] 
#elif userin =="O": 
# computerLetter, playerLetter = ['O', 'X'] 


numGames = 1 #to keep track of the user history 



#computergenerates who gets to go first 
if random.randint(0, 1) == 0: 
    turn = 'computer' 
else: 
    turn = 'player' 
print('The ' + turn + ' will go first.') 



while True: 

# Reset the board 
    theBoard = [' '] * 10 
    del userhistory[:] 


    gameIsPlaying = True 


    while gameIsPlaying: 
     playerLetter = 'X' 
     computerLetter = 'O' 

     if turn == 'player': 
      # Player's turn. 
      drawBoard(theBoard) 


      umove = int(raw_input('What is your next move? (1-9)')) 
      while theBoard[umove] != ' ': #if the move is invalid or occupied 
       umove = int(raw_input('What is your next move? (1-9)')) 

      theBoard[umove]=playerLetter #places move onto board 
      userhistory.append(umove) #records users moves 
      secondchance.append(umove)#records users moves 



#Check to see if its a winner 
      if ((theBoard[7] == playerLetter and theBoard[8] == playerLetter and theBoard[9] == playerLetter) or # across the top 
    (theBoard[4] == playerLetter and theBoard[5] == playerLetter and theBoard[6] == playerLetter) or # across the middle 
    (theBoard[1] == playerLetter and theBoard[2] == playerLetter and theBoard[3] == playerLetter) or # across the bottom 
    (theBoard[7] == playerLetter and theBoard[4] == playerLetter and theBoard[1] == playerLetter) or # down the left side 
    (theBoard[8] == playerLetter and theBoard[5] == playerLetter and theBoard[2] == playerLetter) or # down the middle 
    (theBoard[9] == playerLetter and theBoard[6] == playerLetter and theBoard[3] == playerLetter) or # down the right side 
    (theBoard[7] == playerLetter and theBoard[5] == playerLetter and theBoard[3] == playerLetter) or # diagonal 
    (theBoard[9] == playerLetter and theBoard[5] == playerLetter and theBoard[1] == playerLetter)): 

       drawBoard(theBoard) 
       print('Hooray! You have won the game!') 
       del userhistory[len(userhistory)-1] #deleting last element to find the combination just before losing 

       winningCombinations.append(userhistory) #stores the winning combination into another list 
       numGames+=1 
       gameIsPlaying = False 

      else: 
       empty = ' ' 
       if empty not in theBoard: 
        print('The game is a tie!') 
        break 

       else: 
        turn = 'computer' 


     else: 
      # Computer's turn. 
      cmove = getComputerMove() 

      theBoard[cmove] = computerLetter 

      if ((theBoard[7] == computerLetter and theBoard[8] == computerLetter and theBoard[9] == computerLetter) or # across the top 
    (theBoard[4] == computerLetter and theBoard[5] == computerLetter and theBoard[6] == computerLetter) or # across the middle 
    (theBoard[1] == computerLetter and theBoard[2] == computerLetter and theBoard[3] == computerLetter) or # across the bottom 
    (theBoard[7] == computerLetter and theBoard[4] == computerLetter and theBoard[1] == computerLetter) or # down the left side 
    (theBoard[8] == computerLetter and theBoard[5] == computerLetter and theBoard[2] == computerLetter) or # down the middle 
    (theBoard[9] == computerLetter and theBoard[6] == computerLetter and theBoard[3] == computerLetter) or # down the right side 
    (theBoard[7] == computerLetter and theBoard[5] == computerLetter and theBoard[3] == computerLetter) or # diagonal 
    (theBoard[9] == computerLetter and theBoard[5] == computerLetter and theBoard[1] == computerLetter)): 

       drawBoard(theBoard) 
       print('Aw! You have lost the game, the computer has beaten you!') 
       gameIsPlaying = False 


      else: 
       empty = ' ' 
       if empty not in theBoard: 
        print('The game is a tie!') 
        break 


       else: 

        turn = 'player' 

Answer 1

由於您要求提供調試建議，我會在該級別進行回答。

當你有一個生病的病人，問問它在哪裏傷害。打印命令是一種鈍器，但卻是有效的武器。在您的代碼的關鍵點，堅持在一個聲明，如

print "CHECKPOINT A", "turn =", turn 

換句話說，跟蹤邏輯流和有用的值。這些語句在塊（循環或函數）的頂部或底部特別有用。

接下來，當你有一段很長的代碼時，考慮將一些邏輯移到一個函數中。在這個程序中，你檢測勝利的代碼將是一個很好的候選者：你有8行相同的代碼，你可以用函數調用來隔離和替換。

我預計這兩個將足以追查問題;他們幾乎處理了我所有的失敗。我沒有重複長期以來的建議，而是一個接一個地向我推薦博客文章how to debug以獲得進一步的建議。