nosetests，python

Question

我想學Python，我遵循的指南是要求我寫一個簡單的'遊戲'，利用元組，列表和類。

當運行 'nosetests' 命令，我收到以下錯誤：

E. 
====================================================================== ERROR: 
tests.LEXICON_tests.test_directions 
---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/nose/case.py", 
line 187, in runTest 
    self.test(*self.arg) 
File "/Users/VB/Documents/svn/Programming/python/projects/lexicon/tests/LEXICON_tests.py", 
line 6, in test_directions 
    assert_equal(lexicon.scan("north"), 
[('directions', 'north')]) TypeError: 
unbound method scan() must be called 
with lexicon instance as first 
argument (got str instance instead) 

---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 2 tests in 
0.011s 

FAILED (errors=1) VB MP > ./lexicon.py 

> north [(), ('directions', 'north')] VB MP > ./lexicon.py 
> north south east [[[(), ('directions', 'north')], 
('directions', 'south')], 
('directions', 'east')] VB MP 

主文件：

#!/usr/bin/env python 
# encoding: utf-8 

import sys 
import os 
from LEXICON.game import lexicon 


def main(): 
    stuff = raw_input('> ') 

    lex = lexicon (stuff) 

    split_array = lex.scan(stuff) 
    print split_array 

    #me = lex.tockens(split_array) 
    #print me 

if __name__ == '__main__': 
    main() 

class 
#!/usr/bin/env python 
# encoding: utf-8 
""" 

import sys 
import os 

class lexicon (object): 
    def __init__(self,data): 
     self.direction = data 
     #self.words = data.split() 

    def scan(self,data): 
     split_data = data.split() 
     lex = lexicon (data) 

     tocken = lex.tockens(split_data) 


     return tocken 

    def tockens(self,splitdata): 

     sentence = splitdata 
     verbs = ['go','swim','open','punch','fly','stop','kill','eat'] 
     objekts = ['door','bear','face','princess','cabinet'] 
     directions = ['north','south','east','west','down','up','left','right','back'] 
     stopwords = ['the','in','of','from','at','it'] 


     # setep 1, open the array 

     bit =() 
     byte =() 
     for x in sentence: 
      # step 2, match against verbs 
      for v in verbs: 
       try: 
        if (x == v): 
         bit = ('verb',x) 
         byte = [byte, bit]    
       except ValueError: 
        print "Ooops!" 
      for o in objekts: 
       try: 
        if (x == o): 
         bit = ('objekt',x) 
         byte = [byte, bit] 
       except ValueError: 
        print "Ooops!" 
      for d in directions: 
       try: 
        if (x == d): 
         bit = ('directions',x) 
         byte = [byte, bit] 
       except ValueError: 
        print "Ooops!" 
      for s in stopwords: 
       try: 
        if (x == s): 
         bit = ('stopwords',x) 
         byte = [byte, bit] 
       except ValueError: 
        print "Ooops!" 

     return byte 

測試

from nose.tools import * 
#import LEXICON 
from LEXICON.game import lexicon 

def test_directions(): 
    assert_equal(lexicon.scan("north"), [('directions', 'north')]) 
    result = lexicon.scan("north south east") 
    assert_equal(result, [('directions', 'north'), 
          ('directions', 'south'), 
          ('directions', 'east')]) 

謝謝！

Answer 1

在python中調用方法的方式是將它所調用的對象作爲第一個參數傳遞，並且提供的參數每個都被向下推送1.​​當您調用它的靜態方法（lexicon.scan）時實例方法（lex.scan）未提供此第一個參數。

lexicon.scan要求第一個參數是「詞典」類型對象，因此您可能想要在測試中做的是創建一個詞典對象（lex = lexicon(stuff)）並從該對象調用掃描（lex.scan("north")）。因爲它呼叫scan("north")，而您想要呼叫爲scan(lex, "north")。