如何在DRF發佈請求後將模型對象作爲json返回？

Question

在我的Django rest api中，我有一個視圖，通過創建一個新的債務模型實例並保存它來增加債務。如果此操作成功，則api應該返回一個包含新創建的債務模型實例的響應作爲json。在負責增加債務，並返回其模型中的功能是這樣的：

def add_debt(self, from_user, to_user, 
      paying_user, receiving_user, 
      amount, currency, description, 
      date_incurred, deadline, payed, overdue): 
    """ Create a debt request """ 
    if from_user == to_user: 
     raise ValidationError("Users cannot be in debt with themselves") 

    request, created = DebtRequest.objects.get_or_create(
     from_user=from_user, 
     to_user=to_user, 
     paying_user=paying_user, 
     receiving_user=receiving_user, 
     amount=amount, 
     currency=currency, 
     description=description, 
     date_incurred=date_incurred, 
     deadline=deadline, 
     payed=payed, 
     overdue=overdue) 

    debt_request_created.send(sender=request) 
    return request 

在我看來，我有以下幾點：

class DebtRequestCreate(generics.GenericAPIView): 
    permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,) 

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): 
     other_user = User.objects.get(pk=request.data["friend_pk"]) 
     amount = request.data["amount"] 
     currency = request.data["currency"] 
     description = request.data["description"] 
     date_incurred = request.data["date_incurred"] 
     deadline = request.data["deadline"] 
     is_payed = request.data["is_payed"] 
     is_overdue = request.data["is_overdue"] 

     is_in_debt = request.data["is_in_debt"] 

     debt = None 
     if is_in_debt: # is the request.user in debt 
      debt = Debt.objects.add_debt(
       request.user, # From user 
       other_user, # To user 
       request.user, # Paying user      
       other_user, # Receiving user 
       amount, currency, description, date_incurred, 
       deadline, is_payed, is_overdue) 
     else: 
      debt = Debt.objects.add_debt(
       request.user, # From user 
       other_user, # To user 
       other_user, # Paying user      
       request.user, # Receiving user 
       amount, currency, description, date_incurred, 
       deadline, is_payed, is_overdue) 

     return Response(status=201) 

而不是返回的狀態代碼，我想返回一個JSON版本的debt對象。我有以下的功能，我用它來Debt對象列表轉換成JSON在另一種觀點認爲：

其他視圖重要代碼：

debt_requests_list = Debt.objects.requests(user=request.user) 
debt_requests_list_json = json.loads(serializers.serialize('json', debt_requests_list)) 

debt_requests_json = [debt_requests_json_format(x, request.user.id) 
    for x in debt_requests_list_json] 

return JsonResponse(debt_requests_json, safe=False) 

功能：

def debt_requests_json_format(x, user_pk): 
    fields = x["fields"] 
    # if == True --> Debt request addressed to current user. 
    if fields["to_user"] == user_pk: 
     return {"pk": x["pk"], 
     "created": fields["created"], 
     "is_user_to_user": True, 
     "current_user_pk": user_pk, 
     "from_user": fields["from_user"], 
     "from_user_first_name": User.objects.get(pk=fields["from_user"]).firstName, 
     "from_user_last_name": User.objects.get(pk=fields["from_user"]).lastName, 
     "paying_user": fields["paying_user"], 
     "receiving_user": fields["receiving_user"], 
     "amount": fields["amount"], 
     "currency": fields["currency"], 
     "payed": fields["payed"], 
     "description": fields["description"], 
     "date_incurred": fields["date_incurred"], 
     "deadline": fields["deadline"], 
     "overdue": fields["overdue"]} 
    else: # if == False --> Debt request has been sent by current user. 
     return {"pk": x["pk"], 
     "created": fields["created"], 
     "is_user_to_user": False, 
     "current_user_pk": user_pk, 
     "to_user": fields["to_user"], 
     "to_user_first_name": User.objects.get(pk=fields["to_user"]).firstName, 
     "to_user_last_name": User.objects.get(pk=fields["to_user"]).lastName, 
     "paying_user": fields["paying_user"], 
     "receiving_user": fields["receiving_user"], 
     "amount": fields["amount"], 
     "currency": fields["currency"], 
     "payed": fields["payed"], 
     "description": fields["description"], 
     "date_incurred": fields["date_incurred"], 
     "deadline": fields["deadline"], 
     "overdue": fields["overdue"]} 

我可以使用這個函數將單個債務對象轉換爲json並使用JsonResponse將其返回給我的客戶端？

Answer 1

作爲簡單的例子：

serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers 
from .models import YourModel 


class YourModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    fake_field = serializers.SerializerMethodField() 

    class Meta: 
     model = YourModel 
     fields = ['fake_field', 'SOME_OTHERS_FIELDS'] 

    def get_fake_field(self, obj): 
     return 'Any fake data' 

views.py

from rest_framework import mixins 
from rest_framework import generics 
from .models import YourModel 
from .serializers import YourModelSerializer 


class YourModelView(mixins.CreateModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView): 
    queryset = YourModel.objects.all() 
    serializer_class = YourModelSerializer 

更多細節：serializermethodfield，createmodelmixin