在「if .... in ..」語句中使用通配符

Question

我試圖在目錄中找到使用的文件名有時只是完整文件名的一部分的文件。

所以

check_meta=os.listdir(currentPath) 

給

['ANZMeta.xsl', 'Benefited_Areas', 'divisons', 'emergency', 'Error_LOG.txt', 'hex.dbf', 'hex.shp', 'hex.shp_BaseMetadata.xml', 'hex.shx', 'Maintenance_Areas', 'Rates.mxd', 'Regulated_Parking', 'schema.ini', 'Service_Areas', 'Shortcut to Local_Govt.lnk', 'TAB', 'TRC.rar', 'trc_boundary.dbf', 'trc_boundary.kml', 'trc_boundary.prj', 'trc_boundary.sbn', 'trc_boundary.sbx', 'trc_boundary.shp', 'trc_boundary.shp.ATGIS29.1772.3444.sr.lock', 'trc_boundary.shp.ATGIS30.2668.2356.sr.lock', 'trc_boundary.shp.xml', 'trc_boundary.shx', 'trc_boundary_Metadata.xml.auto', 'trc_boundary_Polygon.dbf', 'trc_boundary_Polygon.prj', 'trc_boundary_Polygon.sbn', 'trc_boundary_Polygon.sbx', 'trc_boundary_Polygon.shp', 'trc_boundary_Polygon.shp.ATGIS29.1772.3444.sr.lock', 'trc_boundary_Polygon.shx', 'trc_boundary_polygon.xml', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_region.dbf', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_region.prj', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_region.shp', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_region.shp.xml', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_region.shx', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.dbf', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_trc. prj', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.sbn', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.sbx', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.shp', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.shp.xml', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.shx']

我想

existingXML=FileNm[:FileNm.find('.')] 
if existingXML+"*"+'.xml' in check_meta: # this is where the issue is 
    print "exists" 

所以有時候使用XML是Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.shp.xml和別人是Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.xml （無論哪個存在 - 請注意，不是簡單地將「.shp.xml」使用OR函數，因爲存在多個文件擴展名l數據集將具有的ike標籤，ecw等）。此外，有時相關的xml文件可能會被稱爲Urbanlevy_bdy_trc_Metadata.shp.xml，因此關鍵僅在於搜索擴展名爲.xml的核心文件名「Urbanlevy_bdy_trc」。

我該如何指定？這樣做的目的是Search and replace multiple lines in xml/text files using python

完整的代碼中提到

import os, xml, arcpy, shutil, datetime 
from xml.etree import ElementTree as et 

path=os.getcwd() 
RootDirectory=path 
arcpy.env.workspace = path 
Count=0 

Generated_XMLs=RootDirectory+'\GeneratedXML_LOG.txt' 
f = open(Generated_XMLs, 'a') 
f.write("Log of Metadata Creation Process - Update: "+str(datetime.datetime.now())+"\n") 
f.close() 

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(RootDirectory, topdown=False): 
    #print root, dirs 
    for directory in dirs: 
     currentPath=os.path.join(root,directory) 
     os.chdir(currentPath) 
     arcpy.env.workspace = currentPath 
     print currentPath 
#def Create_xml(currentPath): 

     FileList = arcpy.ListFeatureClasses() 
     zone="_Zone" 

     for File in FileList: 
      Count+=1 
      FileDesc_obj = arcpy.Describe(File) 
      FileNm=FileDesc_obj.file 
      print FileNm 

      check_meta=os.listdir(currentPath) 
      existingXML=FileNm[:FileNm.find('.')] 
      print "XML: "+existingXML 
      print check_meta 
      #if existingXML+'.xml' in check_meta: 
      if any(f.startswith(existingXML) and f.endswith('.xml') for f in check_meta): 
       print "exists" 
       newMetaFile=FileNm+"_2012Metadata.xml" 
       shutil.copy2(FileNm+'.xml', newMetaFile) 
      else: 
       print "Does not exist" 
       newMetaFile=FileNm+"_BaseMetadata.xml" 
       shutil.copy2('L:\Data_Admin\QA\Metadata_python_toolset\Master_Metadata.xml', newMetaFile) 
      tree=et.parse(newMetaFile) 

      print "Processing: "+str(File) 

      for node in tree.findall('.//title'): 
       node.text = str(FileNm) 
      for node in tree.findall('.//northbc'): 
       node.text = str(FileDesc_obj.extent.YMax) 
      for node in tree.findall('.//southbc'): 
       node.text = str(FileDesc_obj.extent.YMin) 
      for node in tree.findall('.//westbc'): 
       node.text = str(FileDesc_obj.extent.XMin) 
      for node in tree.findall('.//eastbc'): 
       node.text = str(FileDesc_obj.extent.XMax)   
      for node in tree.findall('.//native/nondig/formname'): 
       node.text = str(os.getcwd()+"\\"+File) 
      for node in tree.findall('.//native/digform/formname'): 
       node.text = str(FileDesc_obj.featureType) 
      for node in tree.findall('.//avlform/nondig/formname'): 
       node.text = str(FileDesc_obj.extension) 
      for node in tree.findall('.//avlform/digform/formname'): 
       node.text = str(float(os.path.getsize(File))/int(1024))+" KB" 
      for node in tree.findall('.//theme'): 
       node.text = str(FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.name +" ; EPSG: "+str(FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.factoryCode)) 
      print node.text 
      projection_info=[] 
      Zone=FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.name 

      if "GCS" in str(FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.name): 
       projection_info=[FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.GCSName, FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.angularUnitName, FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.datumName, FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.spheroidName] 
       print "Geographic Coordinate system" 
      else: 
       projection_info=[FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.datumName, FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.spheroidName, FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.angularUnitName, Zone[Zone.rfind(zone)-3:]] 
       print "Projected Coordinate system" 
      x=0 
      for node in tree.findall('.//spdom'): 
       for node2 in node.findall('.//keyword'): 
        print node2.text 
        node2.text = str(projection_info[x]) 
        print node2.text 
        x=x+1 


      tree.write(newMetaFile) 

      f = open(Generated_XMLs, 'a') 
      f.write(str(Count)+": "+File+"; "+newMetaFile+"; "+currentPath+"\n") 
      f.close() 



    #  Create_xml(currentPath) 

結果

Answer 1

嘗試以下操作：

if any(f.startswith(existingXML) and f.endswith('.xml') for f in check_meta): 
    print "exists" 

的any()內置函數接受一個迭代器作爲參數，如果任何元素是真實的返回true。我們傳遞的參數是一個生成器表達式，它將爲列表check_meta中的每個文件f生成值f.startswith(existingXML) and f.endswith('.xml')。

一個正則表達式的解決方案可能是這個樣子：

regex = re.compile(re.escape(existingXML) + '.*\.xml$') 
if any(regex.match(f) for f in check_meta): 
    print "exists" 

如果您需要知道哪些條目實際上相匹配，使用for循環，而不是：

for f in check_meta: 
    if f.startswith(existingXML) and f.endswith('.xml'): 
     print "exists, file name:", f 

Answer 2

爲什麼不直接使用：

searchtext = "sometext" 
matching = [ f for f in os.listdir(currentPath) if f.startswith(searchtext) and ".xml" in f] 

如果你想檢查不同的一些推廣，你可以列出他們出。

exts = (".xml", ".tab", ".shp") 
matching = [ f for f in os.listdir(currentPath) if f.startswith(searchtext) and os.path.splitext(f)[-1] in exts] 

當然，你可以找出正則表達式來做同樣的事情。

Answer 3

import fnmatch, posixpath 

existingXML = posixpath.splitext(FileNm)[-1] 
matchingFiles = fnmatch.filter(check_meta, existingXML + "*" + ".xml") 

if not matchingFiles: 
    raise IOError("no matching XML files") 
elif len(matchingFiles) > 1: 
    print "more than one matching file, using first" 
    matchingFile = matchingFiles[0] 
else: # only one was found, just use it 
    matchingFile = matchingFiles[0]