如何按名稱更改目錄的用戶和組權限？

Question

os.chown正是我想要的，但我想按名稱指定用戶和組，而不是ID（我不知道它們是什麼）。我怎樣才能做到這一點？

Answer 1

import pwd 
import grp 
import os 

uid = pwd.getpwnam("nobody").pw_uid 
gid = grp.getgrnam("nogroup").gr_gid 
path = '/tmp/f.txt' 
os.chown(path, uid, gid) 

Answer 2

您可以使用id -u wong2獲得用戶的UID
你可以使用Python做到這一點：

import os 
def getUidByUname(uname): 
    return os.popen("id -u %s" % uname).read().strip() 

然後使用id來os.chown

Answer 3

因爲Python 3.3 https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/shutil.html#shutil.chown

import shutil 
shutil.chown(path, user=None, group=None) 

更改所有者用戶和/或給定路徑的組。

用戶可以是系統用戶名或uid; 同樣適用於組。

至少需要一個參數。

可用性：Unix。

Answer 4

由於shutil版本支持組是可選的，因此我將代碼複製並粘貼到我的Python2項目中。

https://hg.python.org/cpython/file/tip/Lib/shutil.py#l1010

def chown(path, user=None, group=None): 
    """Change owner user and group of the given path. 

    user and group can be the uid/gid or the user/group names, and in that case, 
    they are converted to their respective uid/gid. 
    """ 

    if user is None and group is None: 
     raise ValueError("user and/or group must be set") 

    _user = user 
    _group = group 

    # -1 means don't change it 
    if user is None: 
     _user = -1 
    # user can either be an int (the uid) or a string (the system username) 
    elif isinstance(user, basestring): 
     _user = _get_uid(user) 
     if _user is None: 
      raise LookupError("no such user: {!r}".format(user)) 

    if group is None: 
     _group = -1 
    elif not isinstance(group, int): 
     _group = _get_gid(group) 
     if _group is None: 
      raise LookupError("no such group: {!r}".format(group)) 

    os.chown(path, _user, _group)