如果聲明，避免嵌套？ （Python 2.7）

Question

我從一本書中發明了這個猜測遊戲的想法，Invent With Python。我不喜歡原始腳本沒有涵蓋重新猜測數字或錯誤地使用不在1-20中的數字的可能性，所以我修改了它。該程序很好用，但是，如果/ elif/else代碼塊只是我的頭部。

我想重寫腳本，而不必嵌套，如果在if中。我甚至不知道如何做到這一點。任何人都可以請幫助我 - 只有一個例子說明這個程序如何在沒有嵌套的情況下工作會很棒！

下面是完整的小腳本：

from random import randint 
from sys import exit 
name = raw_input("Hello! What's your name? ") 
print "Well %s, I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 20." % name 
print "Since I'm a benevolent computer program, I'll give you 6 guesses." 
secret_number = randint(1, 20) 

guesses_left = 6 
already_guessed = [] 

while guesses_left > 0: 
    try: 
     guess = int(raw_input("Take a guess: ")) 

     if guess >= 1 and guess <= 20 and guess not in already_guessed: 
      already_guessed.append(guess) 
      guesses_left -= 1 

      if guess == secret_number: 
       print "You win! %d was my secret number!" % secret_number 
       exit(0) 
      elif guess < secret_number: 
       print "Your guess is too low!" 
      elif guess > secret_number: 
       print "Your guess is too high!" 

     elif guess in already_guessed: 
      print "You already guessed that!" 

     else: 
      print "Not a number between 1 - 20!" 
      print "Please try again!" 

     print "You have %d guesses left!" % guesses_left 

    except ValueError: 
     print "Invalid input! Please try again!"  

Answer 1

試試這樣，使用continue退出循環的當前迭代，並在循環的頂部重新開始。

你也有一個邏輯錯誤的位置：

if guess <= 1 and guess >= 20 and guess not in already_guessed: 

許多不可能既小於或等於1，和大於或等於20你and應該是一個or是這樣的：

if (guess <= 1 or guess >= 20) and guess not in already_guessed: 

或者簡單：

if 1 <= guess <= 20 and guess not in already_guessed: 

另外，請ÿ我們try/except只左右，實際上可以產生一個異常（或不應該發生，如果發生異常的事情：

from random import randint 
import sys 

name = raw_input("Hello! What's your name? ") 
print "Well {}, I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 20.".format(name) 
print "Since I'm a benevolent computer program, I'll give you 6 guesses." 

secret_number = randint(1, 20) 
guesses_left = 6 
already_guessed = [] 

while guesses_left > 0: 
    print "You have {} guesses left!".format(guesses_left) 

    try: 
     guess = int(raw_input("Take a guess: ")) 
    except ValueError: 
     print "Invalid input! Please try again!\n" 
     continue 

    # If the number is not between 1 and 20... 
    if not (1 <= guess <= 20): 
     print "Not a number between 1 - 20!" 
     print "Please try again!\n" 
     continue 

    if guess in already_guessed: 
     print "You already guessed that!\n" 
     continue 

    guesses_left -= 1 
    already_guessed.append(guess) 

    if guess == secret_number: 
     print "You win! {} was my secret number!".format(secret_number) 
     sys.exit(0) 
    elif guess < secret_number: 
     print "Your guess is too low!\n" 
    elif guess > secret_number: 
     print "Your guess is too high!\n" 

下面是一個例子來看：

Hello! What's your name? :) 
Well :), I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 20. 
Since I'm a benevolent computer program, I'll give you 6 guesses. 
You have 6 guesses left! 
Take a guess: 2 
Your guess is too low! 

You have 5 guesses left! 
Take a guess: 2 
You already guessed that! 

You have 5 guesses left! 
Take a guess: 3 
Your guess is too low! 

You have 4 guesses left! 
Take a guess: 7 
Your guess is too high! 

You have 3 guesses left! 
Take a guess: 5 
Your guess is too high! 

You have 2 guesses left! 
Take a guess: 4 
You win! 4 was my secret number! 

Answer 2

只要改變嵌套的if語句elif的，像這樣：

from random import randint 
from sys import exit 
name = raw_input("Hello! What's your name? ") 
print "Well %s, I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 20." % name 
print "Since I'm a benevolent computer program, I'll give you 6 guesses." 
secret_number = randint(1, 20) 

guesses_left = 6 
already_guessed = [] 

while guesses_left > 0: 
    try: 
     guess = int(raw_input("Take a guess: ")) 

     if guess <= 1 and guess >= 20 and guess not in already_guessed: 
      already_guessed.append(guess) 
      guesses_left -= 1 

     elif guess == secret_number: 
      print "You win! %d was my secret number!" % secret_number 
      exit(0) 
     elif guess < secret_number: 
      print "Your guess is too low!" 
     elif guess > secret_number: 
      print "Your guess is too high!" 

     elif guess in already_guessed: 
      print "You already guessed that!" 

     else: 
      print "Not a number between 1 - 20!" 
      print "Please try again!" 

     print "You have %d guesses left!" % guesses_left 

    except ValueError: 
     print "Invalid input! Please try again!" 

這將是我看到解決您的兩難困境最簡單的方法