在安裝過程中，Python pip不會構建依賴關係

Question

Pip似乎不會在我的Ubuntu服務器上從源代碼構建依賴項，但它始終在我的OS X機器上執行此操作。例如，當我嘗試在conda或virtualenv（我嘗試過）環境中安裝軟件包qiime時，需要幾秒鐘才能安裝許多需要花費時間在我的Mac上編譯的東西。

(qiime)user@server:~$ pip install qiime 
Collecting qiime 
Collecting qiime-default-reference<0.2.0,>=0.1.2 (from qiime) 
Collecting burrito<1.0.0,>=0.9.1 (from qiime) 
Collecting pandas>=0.13.1 (from qiime) 
Collecting natsort<4.0.0 (from qiime) 
    Using cached natsort-3.5.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
Collecting matplotlib!=1.4.2,>=1.1.0 (from qiime) 
Collecting numpy>=1.9.0 (from qiime) 
Collecting gdata (from qiime) 
Collecting scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3 (from qiime) 
Collecting pynast==1.2.2 (from qiime) 
Collecting biom-format<2.2.0,>=2.1.4 (from qiime) 
Collecting burrito-fillings<0.2.0,>=0.1.1 (from qiime) 
Collecting qcli<0.2.0,>=0.1.1 (from qiime) 
Collecting scipy>=0.14.0 (from qiime) 
Collecting cogent==1.5.3 (from qiime) 
Collecting emperor<1.0.0,>=0.9.51 (from qiime) 
Collecting six (from qiime-default-reference<0.2.0,>=0.1.2->qiime) 
    Using cached six-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
Collecting future (from burrito<1.0.0,>=0.9.1->qiime) 
Collecting pytz>=2011k (from pandas>=0.13.1->qiime) 
    Using cached pytz-2015.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
Collecting python-dateutil (from pandas>=0.13.1->qiime) 
    Using cached python_dateutil-2.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
Collecting cycler (from matplotlib!=1.4.2,>=1.1.0->qiime) 
    Using cached cycler-0.9.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
Collecting pyparsing!=2.0.0,!=2.0.4,>=1.5.6 (from matplotlib!=1.4.2,>=1.1.0->qiime) 
    Using cached pyparsing-2.0.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
Collecting IPython (from scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime) 
    Using cached ipython-4.0.0-py2-none-any.whl 
Collecting click (from biom-format<2.2.0,>=2.1.4->qiime) 
    Using cached click-5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
Collecting pyqi (from biom-format<2.2.0,>=2.1.4->qiime) 
Collecting decorator (from IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime) 
    Using cached decorator-4.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
Collecting simplegeneric>0.8 (from IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime) 
Collecting pexpect (from IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime) 
Collecting traitlets (from IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime) 
    Using cached traitlets-4.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
Collecting pickleshare (from IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime) 
Collecting ptyprocess>=0.5 (from pexpect->IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime) 
Collecting ipython-genutils (from traitlets->IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime) 
    Using cached ipython_genutils-0.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
Collecting path.py (from pickleshare->IPython->scikit-bio<0.3.0,>=0.2.3->qiime) 
    Using cached path.py-8.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl 
Installing collected packages: six, qiime-default-reference, future, burrito, pytz, python-dateutil, numpy, pandas, natsort, cycler, pyparsing, matplotlib, gdata, scipy, decorator, simplegeneric, ptyprocess, pexpect, ipython-genutils, traitlets, path.py, pickleshare, IPython, scikit-bio, cogent, pynast, click, pyqi, biom-format, burrito-fillings, qcli, emperor, qiime 
Successfully installed IPython-4.0.0 biom-format-2.1.5 burrito-0.9.1 burrito-fillings-0.1.1 click-5.1 cogent-1.5.3 cycler-0.9.0 decorator-4.0.4 emperor-0.9.51 future-0.15.2 gdata-2.0.18 ipython-genutils-0.1.0 matplotlib-1.5.0 natsort-3.5.6 numpy-1.10.1 pandas-0.17.0 path.py-8.1.2 pexpect-4.0.1 pickleshare-0.5 ptyprocess-0.5 pynast-1.2.2 pyparsing-2.0.6 pyqi-0.3.2 python-dateutil-2.4.2 pytz-2015.7 qcli-0.1.1 qiime-1.9.1 qiime-default-reference-0.1.3 scikit-bio-0.2.3 scipy-0.16.1 simplegeneric-0.8.1 six-1.10.0 traitlets-4.0.0 

當我嘗試使用該軟件包時，出現各種錯誤，證明pip沒有真正編譯任何依賴關係。我應該怎麼做？例如，讓我們嘗試導入pandas

In [1]: import pandas 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
ImportError        Traceback (most recent call last) 
<ipython-input-1-d6ac987968b6> in <module>() 
----> 1 import pandas 

/home/user/.conda/envs/qiime/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/__init__.py in <module>() 
    11      "pandas from the source directory, you may need to run " 
    12      "'python setup.py build_ext --inplace' to build the C " 
---> 13      "extensions first.".format(module)) 
    14 
    15 from datetime import datetime 

ImportError: C extension: /home/user/.conda/envs/qiime/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/hashtable.so: undefined symbol: PyFPE_jbuf not built. If you want to import pandas from the source directory, you may need to run 'python setup.py build_ext --inplace' to build the C extensions first. 

我知道我可以手動生成的一切，但我真的想解決點子。

Answer 1

安裝過程中傳遞--no-cache-dir似乎解決了這個問題，但我不明白什麼緩存與編譯有關。