嘗試修改字典時發生異常

Question

我正在創建一個字典來管理線程，並且在將某些線程添加到字典後嘗試清除死線時，我遇到了此異常。

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Threading; 

namespace SysCat { 
    public class ThreadManager { 
     public static readonly ThreadManager GlobalThreadManager = new ThreadManager(); 

     /// <summary> 
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SysCat.ThreadManager"/> class. 
     /// </summary> 
     public ThreadManager() { 

     } 

     /// <summary> 
     /// Create a new ThreadManager with all the Threads within baseTM and deinitializes baseTM 
     /// </summary> 
     public ThreadManager(ThreadManager baseTM) { 
      this.threads = baseTM.threads; 
      baseTM.threads.Clear(); 
     } 

     private Dictionary<Guid,Thread> threads = new Dictionary<Guid, Thread>(); 

     /// <summary> 
     /// Attempts to obtain an unused ThreadID within an attempt limit 
     /// </summary> 
     /// <returns>The unused ThreadID, if found</returns> 
     /// <param name="attempts">The number of iterations to try.</param> 
     public Guid getUnusedThreadID(int attempts) { 
      lock(threads) { 
       Guid threadID; 
       int totalAttempts = attempts; 
       while(threads.ContainsKey((threadID = Guid.NewGuid()))) { 
        attempts--; 
        if(attempts == 0) 
         throw new NoOpenThreadIDException(totalAttempts); 
       } 
       return threadID; 
      } 
     } 

     /// <summary> 
     /// Attempts to get a Thread via its ThreadID, if it exists 
     /// </summary> 
     /// <returns>The Thread</returns> 
     /// <param name="threadID">The ThreadID to use</param> 
     public Thread getThread(Guid threadID) { 
      lock(threads) { 
       Thread tryGet; 
       if(!threads.TryGetValue(threadID, out tryGet)) 
        throw new ArgumentException("Specified ThreadID does not exist in this ThreadManager"); 
       return tryGet; 
      } 
     } 

     /// <summary> 
     /// Attempts to get a ThreadID via the Thread 
     /// </summary> 
     /// <returns>The ThreadID</returns> 
     /// <param name="thread">The Thread to use</param> 
     public Guid getThreadID(Thread thread) { 
      lock(threads) { 
       if(threads.ContainsValue(thread)) { 
        foreach(Guid id in threads.Keys) { 
         Thread t; 
         threads.TryGetValue(id, out t); 
         if(t.Equals(thread)) 
          return id; 
        } 
        // I should never get here 
        return Guid.Empty; 
       } 
       else 
        throw new ArgumentException("Specified Thread does not exist in this ThreadManager"); 
      } 
     } 

     /// <summary> 
     /// Adds the Thread, unless it cannot find an open ThreadID 
     /// </summary> 
     /// <returns>The ThreadID used to register the Thread</returns> 
     /// <param name="thread">The Thread to register</param> 
     public Guid addThread(Thread thread) { 
      lock(threads) { 
       Guid id; 
       try { 
        id = getUnusedThreadID(500); 
       } 
       catch(NoOpenThreadIDException e) { 
        throw e; 
       } 
       threads.Add(id, thread); 
       return id; 
      } 
     } 

     /// <summary> 
     /// Attempts to clear all stopped and null Threads 
     /// </summary> 
     /// <returns>The number of dead Threads cleared</returns> 
     public int clearDeadThreads() { 
      int cleared = 0; 
      lock(threads) { 
       foreach(Guid id in threads.Keys) { 
        Thread thread; 
        threads.TryGetValue(id, out thread); 
        if(thread == null) { 
         // Does not exist, Thread is dead 
         cleared++; 
         threads.Remove(id); 
         continue; 
        } 
        if(!thread.IsAlive) { 
         // Not alive, Thread is dead 
         cleared++; 
         threads.Remove(id); 
         continue; 
        } 
       } 
      } 

      return cleared; 
     } 

     public class NoOpenThreadIDException : Exception { 
      public NoOpenThreadIDException(int attempts) 
       : base(string.Format("Unable to find an open ThreadID within the attempt limit of {0}", attempts)) { 
      } 
     } 
    } 
} 

而且我得到這個異常：System.InvalidOperationException 與消息：集合已修改;枚舉操作可能不會執行

我不確定爲什麼發生這種情況，任何幫助將不勝感激。

這是我用來測試它的代碼：

using System; 
using System.Collections; 
using System.IO; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Threading; 

using _TM = SysCat.ThreadManager; 

namespace SysCat { 
    public class SysCat { 
     Thread T = new Thread(new ThreadStart(delegate { 
      while(true) Thread.Sleep(250); 
     })); 
     Thread T2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(delegate { 

     })); 
     Thread T3 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(delegate { 

     })); 
     _TM.GlobalThreadManager.addThread(T); 
     _TM.GlobalThreadManager.addThread(T2); 
     _TM.GlobalThreadManager.addThread(T3); 
      Console.WriteLine(_TM.GlobalThreadManager.clearDeadThreads()); 
      Console.ReadLine(); 
     } 
    } 
} 

Answer 1

，而你是在枚舉它，你不能修改IEnumerable。

你可以做一個簡單的黑客並獲得你正在枚舉的副本，所以它的變化不會導致System.InvalidOperationException。

例如，而不是

foreach(Guid id in threads.Keys) 

使用

foreach(Guid id in threads.Keys.ToList()) 

記住，你可以使用data structures that supports concurrency