Django django.test客戶端發佈請求

Question

在hellowebapp.com上工作

請使用Django測試客戶端發佈請求幫助測試有效的表單發佈嗎？

response = self.client.post('/accounts/create_thing/', { 'name': dummy_thing.name, 'description': dummy_thing.description, }) 

這裏的TestCase的代碼段：

from django.test import TestCase, RequestFactory 
from django.contrib.auth.models import AnonymousUser, User 
from collection.models import Thing 
from .views import * 
from collection.forms import ThingForm 

class SampleTest(TestCase): 
    def setUp(self): 
     # Every test needs access to the request factory. 
     self.factory = RequestFactory() 
     self.dummy_user = User.objects.create_user(username='dummy', password='nothings') 
     self.dummy_thing = Thing.objects.create(name="Dummy Book", 
              description="Book For Dummies.", 
              slug="dummy-book", 
              user=self.dummy_user) 
    def test_form(self): 
     dummy_thing = Thing.objects.get(name="Dummy Book") 
     form = ThingForm(instance=dummy_thing) 
     self.assertFalse(form.is_valid()) # No data has been supplied yet. 
     form = ThingForm({ 'name': dummy_thing.name, 'description': dummy_thing.description, }, instance=dummy_thing) 
     self.assertTrue(form.is_valid()) 

    def test_form_post(self): 
     dummy_thing = Thing.objects.get(name="Dummy Book") 
     self.client.login(username=dummy_thing.user.username, password='nothings') 

     # Test POST invalid data 
     response = self.client.post('/accounts/create_thing/', { }) 
     self.assertFormError(response, 'form', 'name', 'This field is required.') 
     self.assertFormError(response, 'form', 'description', 'This field is required.') 
     self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'things/create_thing.html') 
     self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) 

     # Test POST valid data? 
     # response = self.client.post('/accounts/create_thing/', { 'name': dummy_thing.name, 'description': dummy_thing.description, }) 
     # self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) 

這裏的型號

models.py

class Thing(models.Model): 
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255) 
    description = models.TextField() 
    slug = models.SlugField(unique=True) 
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, blank=True, null=True) 

注：用戶= models.OneToOneField（用戶，空白=真，空= True）

「Thing.user」必須是「用戶」實例。

column user_id必須是唯一的。

views.py

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required 
from django.http import Http404 
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect 
from django.template.defaultfilters import slugify 

from collection.forms import ThingForm 
from collection.models import Thing 


def index(request): 
    things = Thing.objects.all() 
    return render(request, 'index.html', { 
     'things': things, 
    }) 


def thing_detail(request, slug): 
    # grab the object... 
    thing = Thing.objects.get(slug=slug) 

    # and pass to the template 
    return render(request, 'things/thing_detail.html', { 
     'thing': thing, 
    }) 


@login_required 
def edit_thing(request, slug): 
    # grab the object... 
    thing = Thing.objects.get(slug=slug) 

    # grab the current logged in user and make sure they're the owner of the thing 
    if thing.user != request.user: 
     raise Http404 

    # set the form we're using... 
    form_class = ThingForm 

    # if we're coming to this view from a submitted form, 
    if request.method == 'POST': 
     # grab the data from the submitted form 
     form = form_class(data=request.POST, instance=thing) 

     if form.is_valid(): 
      # save the new data 
      form.save() 
      return redirect('thing_detail', slug=thing.slug) 

    # otherwise just create the form 
    else: 
     form = form_class(instance=thing) 

    # and render the template 
    return render(request, 'things/edit_thing.html', { 
     'thing': thing, 
     'form': form, 
    }) 


def create_thing(request): 
    form_class = ThingForm 

    # if we're coming from a submitted form, do this 
    if request.method == 'POST': 
     # grab the data from the submitted form and apply to the form 
     form = form_class(request.POST) 

     if form.is_valid(): 
      # create an instance but do not save yet 
      thing = form.save(commit=False) 

      # set the additional details 
      thing.user = request.user 
      thing.slug = slugify(thing.name) 

      # save the object 
      thing.save() 

      # redirect to our newly created thing 
      return redirect('thing_detail', slug=thing.slug) 

    # otherwise just create the form 
    else: 
     form = form_class() 

    return render(request, 'things/create_thing.html', { 
     'form': form, 
    }) 


def browse_by_name(request, initial=None): 
    if initial: 
     things = Thing.objects.filter(
      name__istartswith=initial).order_by('name') 
    else: 
     things = Thing.objects.all().order_by('name') 

    return render(request, 'search/search.html', { 
     'things': things, 
     'initial': initial, 
    }) 

這裏的錯誤：

$ python manage.py test 

.ECreating test database for alias 'default'... 
Destroying test database for alias 'default'... 

====================================================================== 
ERROR: test_form_post (collection.tests.SampleTest) 
---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "E:\Working\Python\Django\Python2.7\Hello-Web-App\GitHub\Test\hellowebapp-code-master\collection\tests.py", line 36, in test_form_post 
    response = self.client.post('/accounts/create_thing/', { 'name': dummy_thing.name, 'description': dummy_thing.description, }) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 541, in post 
    secure=secure, **extra) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 343, in post 
    secure=secure, **extra) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 409, in generic 
    return self.request(**r) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 494, in request 
    six.reraise(*exc_info) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 39, in inner 
    response = get_response(request) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 249, in _legacy_get_response 
    response = self._get_response(request) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 187, in _get_response 
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 185, in _get_response 
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) 
    File "E:\Working\Python\Django\Python2.7\Hello-Web-App\GitHub\Test\hellowebapp-code-master\collection\views.py", line 77, in create_thing 
    thing.save() 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 796, in save 
    force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 824, in save_base 
    updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 908, in _save_table 
    result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 947, in _do_insert 
    using=using, raw=raw) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 85, in manager_method 
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1043, in _insert 
    return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1054, in execute_sql 
    cursor.execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute 
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 94, in __exit__ 
    six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute 
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 337, in execute 
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params) 
IntegrityError: column user_id is not unique 

---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Ran 2 tests in 0.687s 

FAILED (errors=1) 

此外，妄圖Django的外殼：

$ winpty python manage.py shell 
Python 2.7.11 (v2.7.11:6d1b6a68f775, Dec 5 2015, 20:40:30) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32 
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 
(InteractiveConsole) 
>>> from django.test import Client 
>>> csrf_client = Client(enforce_csrf_checks=True) 
>>> c.login(username="dummy", password='nothings') 
>>> c = Client() 
>>> c.login(username="dummy", password='nothings') 
True 
>>> response = c.post('http://127.0.0.1:8000/accounts/create_thing/', { 'name': 'dummy book', 'description': 'book for dummies' }) 
Internal Server Error: /accounts/create_thing/ 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 39, in inner 
    response = get_response(request) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 249, in _legacy_get_response 
    response = self._get_response(request) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 187, in _get_response 
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 185, in _get_response 
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) 
    File "E:\Working\Python\Django\Python2.7\Hello-Web-App\GitHub\Test\hellowebapp-code-master\collection\views.py", line 77, in create_thing 
    thing.save() 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 796, in save 
    force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 824, in save_base 
    updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 908, in _save_table 
    result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 947, in _do_insert 
    using=using, raw=raw) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 85, in manager_method 
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1043, in _insert 
    return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1054, in execute_sql 
    cursor.execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 79, in execute 
    return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute 
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 94, in __exit__ 
    six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute 
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 337, in execute 
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params) 
IntegrityError: column user_id is not unique 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "<console>", line 1, in <module> 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 541, in post 
    secure=secure, **extra) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 343, in post 
    secure=secure, **extra) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 409, in generic 
    return self.request(**r) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 494, in request 
    six.reraise(*exc_info) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 39, in inner 
    response = get_response(request) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 249, in _legacy_get_response 
    response = self._get_response(request) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 187, in _get_response 
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 185, in _get_response 
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) 
    File "E:\Working\Python\Django\Python2.7\Hello-Web-App\GitHub\Test\hellowebapp-code-master\collection\views.py", line 77, in create_thing 
    thing.save() 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 796, in save 
    force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 824, in save_base 
    updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 908, in _save_table 
    result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 947, in _do_insert 
    using=using, raw=raw) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 85, in manager_method 
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1043, in _insert 
    return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1054, in execute_sql 
    cursor.execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 79, in execute 
    return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute 
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 94, in __exit__ 
    six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute 
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 337, in execute 
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params) 
IntegrityError: column user_id is not unique 

>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User 
>>> users = User.objects.all() 
>>> users[1] 
<User: dummy> 
>>> response = c.post('http://127.0.0.1:8000/accounts/create_thing/', { 'name': 'dummy book', 'description': 'book for dummies', 'user_id': users[1].id }) 
Internal Server Error: /accounts/create_thing/ 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 39, in inner 
    response = get_response(request) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 249, in _legacy_get_response 
    response = self._get_response(request) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 187, in _get_response 
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 185, in _get_response 
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) 
    File "E:\Working\Python\Django\Python2.7\Hello-Web-App\GitHub\Test\hellowebapp-code-master\collection\views.py", line 77, in create_thing 
    thing.save() 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 796, in save 
    force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 824, in save_base 
    updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 908, in _save_table 
    result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 947, in _do_insert 
    using=using, raw=raw) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 85, in manager_method 
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1043, in _insert 
    return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1054, in execute_sql 
    cursor.execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 79, in execute 
    return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute 
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 94, in __exit__ 
    six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute 
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 337, in execute 
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params) 
IntegrityError: column user_id is not unique 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "<console>", line 1, in <module> 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 541, in post 
    secure=secure, **extra) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 343, in post 
    secure=secure, **extra) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 409, in generic 
    return self.request(**r) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 494, in request 
    six.reraise(*exc_info) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 39, in inner 
    response = get_response(request) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 249, in _legacy_get_response 
    response = self._get_response(request) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 187, in _get_response 
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 185, in _get_response 
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) 
    File "E:\Working\Python\Django\Python2.7\Hello-Web-App\GitHub\Test\hellowebapp-code-master\collection\views.py", line 77, in create_thing 
    thing.save() 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 796, in save 
    force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 824, in save_base 
    updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 908, in _save_table 
    result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 947, in _do_insert 
    using=using, raw=raw) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 85, in manager_method 
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1043, in _insert 
    return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1054, in execute_sql 
    cursor.execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 79, in execute 
    return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute 
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 94, in __exit__ 
    six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute 
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) 
    File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 337, in execute 
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params) 
IntegrityError: column user_id is not unique 
>>>exit() 

感謝

Answer 1

這是因爲你有OneToOneField，因爲你的每一個新的Thing必須連接到User以前沒有選擇。因爲你已經有dummy_thingdummy_user作爲User，你不能保存新的Thing實例與相同的dummy_user。

我相信你的意圖是每個Thing有User，所以你應該使用ForeignKey而不是OneToOneField。

但是，如果我錯了，如果你真的需要OneToOneField，然後測試你的POST請求剛剛創建新的用戶和登錄的新用戶，然後thing.user = request.user將採取dummy_user2，並會有具有唯一值沒有衝突。

class SampleTest(TestCase): 
    def setUp(self): 
     # Every test needs access to the request factory. 
     self.factory = RequestFactory() 
     self.dummy_user = User.objects.create_user(username='dummy', password='nothings') 
     self.dummy_thing = Thing.objects.create(name="Dummy Book", 
              description="Book For Dummies.", 
              slug="dummy-book", 
              user=self.dummy_user) 
     self.dummy_user2 = User.objects.create_user(username='dummy2', password='nothing') 

    def test_form_post(self): 
     dummy_thing = Thing.objects.get(name="Dummy Book") 
     self.client.login(username=dummy_thing2.user.username, password='nothing') 

     # Test POST invalid data 
     response = self.client.post('/accounts/create_thing/', { }) 
     self.assertFormError(response, 'form', 'name', 'This field is required.') 
     self.assertFormError(response, 'form', 'description', 'This field is required.') 
     self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'things/create_thing.html') 
     self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) 

     # Test POST valid data? 
     response = self.client.post('/accounts/create_thing/', { 'name': 'new name', 'description': 'new description', }) 
     self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)