使用模板

Question

初始化N維的std ::陣列考慮下面的代碼：

#include <iostream> 
#include <array> 

template <typename, int, int...> struct NArray; 

template <typename T, int NUM_DIMENSIONS, int N> 
struct NArray<T, NUM_DIMENSIONS, N> { 
    using type = std::array<T, N>; 
}; 

template <typename T, int NUM_DIMENSIONS, int FIRST, int... REST> 
struct NArray<T, NUM_DIMENSIONS, FIRST, REST...> { 
    using type = std::array<typename NArray<T, NUM_DIMENSIONS, REST...>::type, FIRST>; 
}; 

template <typename T, int NUM_DIMENSIONS, int... N> 
typename NArray<T, NUM_DIMENSIONS, N...>::type NDimensionalArray() { 
    typename NArray<T, NUM_DIMENSIONS, N...>::type nArray; 
    return nArray; 
} 

int main() { 
    const auto nArray = NDimensionalArray<int,4, 2,4,5,3>(); 
} 

我想是能夠NDimensionalArray的模板包與更多的國際價值延伸，使得某些值初始化一些指定的固定值。例如，

auto a = NDimensionalArray<bool,4, 2,4,5,3, 1,2,3,2, 0,0,2,1>(true); 

將返回一個2x4x5x3 4維的std ::陣列與[1] [2] [3] [2] =真和[0] [0] [2] [1 ] = true，其他每個元素都是false。但我有多個模板包的問題，​​似乎無法讓它工作。任何幫助，將不勝感激。謝謝。

Answer 1

那麼這裏有一個工作解決方案。如果有人能夠改進它，我會非常感興趣的看到它，因爲我不知道有任何其他方式來做到這一點。

#include <iostream> 
#include <array> 
#include <cstring> 

template <int... > struct seq {}; 

template <typename, int...> struct NArray; 

template <typename T, int N> 
struct NArray<T, N> { 
    using type = std::array<T, N>; 
}; 

template <typename T, int FIRST, int... REST> 
struct NArray<T, FIRST, REST...> { 
    using type = std::array<typename NArray<T, REST...>::type, FIRST>; 
}; 

template <typename T, typename Dim> 
struct make_narray; 

template <typename T, int... N> 
struct make_narray<T, seq<N...>> 
{ 
    using type = typename NArray<T, N...>::type; 
}; 

template <typename T> 
T& get(T& val, seq<>) 
{ 
    return val; 
} 

template <typename NA, int E0, int... Es> 
auto get(NA& arr, seq<E0, Es...>) 
-> decltype(get(arr[E0], seq<Es...>{})) 
{ 
    return get(arr[E0], seq<Es...>{}); 
} 

template <typename T, typename Dim, typename... Elems> 
typename make_narray<T, Dim>::type 
NDimensionalArray(T val) 
{ 
    typename make_narray<T, Dim>::type narray{}; 
    auto _{get(narray, Elems{}) = val ...}; // Quick initialization step! 
    return narray; 
} 

int main() { 
    auto a = NDimensionalArray<bool, seq<2, 4, 5, 3>, seq<1, 2, 3, 2>, seq<0, 0, 2, 1>>(true); 

    std::cout << std::boolalpha; 
    std::cout << a[0][0][0][0] << std::endl; // prints false 
    std::cout << a[1][2][3][2] << std::endl; // prints true 
    std::cout << a[0][0][2][1] << std::endl; // prints true 
} 

Answer 2

你想NDimensionalArray<bool,4, 2,4,5,3, 1,2,3,2, 0,0,2,1>(true)，在確切語法兩個C++ 14和C++ 11（第二演示）：

#include <iostream> 
#include <iomanip> 
#include <array> 
#include <tuple> 
#include <utility> 
#include <type_traits> 
#include <cstddef> 

template <typename, int, int...> struct NArray; 

template <typename T, int NUM_DIMENSIONS, int N> 
struct NArray<T, NUM_DIMENSIONS, N> 
{ 
    using type = std::array<T, N>; 
}; 

template <typename T, int NUM_DIMENSIONS, int FIRST, int... REST> 
struct NArray<T, NUM_DIMENSIONS, FIRST, REST...> 
{ 
    using type = std::array<typename NArray<T, NUM_DIMENSIONS, REST...>::type, FIRST>; 
}; 

template <typename A, typename T> 
void assign(A& arr, const T& value) 
{ 
    arr = value; 
} 

template <int I, int... Is, typename A, typename T> 
void assign(A& arr, const T& value) 
{ 
    assign<Is...>(arr[I], value); 
} 

template <int SIZE, int PACK, int... Ind, typename T, typename A, std::size_t... Is> 
auto set(const T& value, A& arr, std::index_sequence<Is...> seq) 
    -> std::enable_if_t<(SIZE*PACK == sizeof...(Ind))> 
{  
} 

template <int SIZE, int PACK, int... Ind, typename T, typename A, std::size_t... Is> 
auto set(const T& value, A& arr, std::index_sequence<Is...> seq) 
    -> std::enable_if_t<(SIZE*PACK < sizeof...(Ind))> 
{  
    constexpr auto t = std::make_tuple(Ind...); 
    assign<std::get<PACK*SIZE+Is>(t)...>(arr, value); 
    set<SIZE, PACK+1, Ind...>(value, arr, seq); 
} 

template <typename T, int DIMS, int... N, std::size_t... Is> 
auto make_narray(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...> seq) 
{ 
    constexpr auto t = std::make_tuple(N...); 
    typename NArray<T, DIMS, std::get<Is>(t)...>::type arr{}; 
    set<DIMS, 1, N...>(value, arr, seq); 
    return arr; 
} 

template <typename T, int DIMS, int... N> 
auto NDimensionalArray(const T& value) 
{  
    return make_narray<T, DIMS, N...>(value, std::make_index_sequence<DIMS>{}); 
} 

int main() 
{ 
    auto a = NDimensionalArray<bool,4, 2,4,5,3, 1,2,3,2, 0,0,2,1>(true); 
    std::cout << std::boolalpha; 
    std::cout << a[1][2][3][2] << std::endl; // ~~~~^ 
    std::cout << a[0][0][2][1] << std::endl; // ~~~~~~~~~~~~^ 
    std::cout << a[0][0][0][0] << std::endl; // (not set) 
} 

輸出：

true 
true 
false 

DEMO (C++14)

DEMO 2 (C++11)

Answer 3

解決方案與在參數包ARGS&&... args而不是初始化的位置：

#include <array> 
#include <iostream> 
#include <deque> 

template <typename, std::size_t...> struct NArray; 

template <typename T, std::size_t N> 
struct NArray<T,N> { 
    using type = std::array<T,N>; 
}; 

template <typename T, std::size_t First, std::size_t... Rest> 
struct NArray<T, First, Rest...> { 
    using type = std::array<typename NArray<T, Rest...>::type, First>; 
}; 

template <typename E, typename Container, typename T> 
void assign (E& element, Container&&, const T& v) { element = v; } 

template <typename Subarray, std::size_t N, typename Container, typename T> 
void assign (std::array<Subarray, N>& narray, Container&& pos, const T& v) { 
    const std::size_t index = pos.front(); 
    pos.pop_front(); 
    assign (narray[index], pos, v); 
} 

template <typename T, int... Dimensions, typename... Args> 
typename NArray<T, Dimensions...>::type NDimensionalArray (const T& value, Args&&... args) { 
    typename NArray<T, Dimensions...>::type narray{}; 
    const auto initializer = {std::forward<Args>(args)...}; 
    const int groupSize = sizeof...(Dimensions), numGroups = initializer.size()/groupSize; 
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < numGroups; i++) 
     assign (narray, std::deque<std::size_t>(initializer.begin() + i*groupSize, initializer.begin() + (i+1)*groupSize), value); 
    return narray; 
} 

int main() { 
    const auto multiArray = NDimensionalArray<double, 5,6,7,8,9> (3.14, 1,2,3,2,4, 3,3,2,1,2, 0,1,3,1,2); 
    std::cout << multiArray[1][2][3][2][4] << '\n'; // 3.14 
    std::cout << multiArray[3][3][2][1][2] << '\n'; // 3.14 
    std::cout << multiArray[0][1][3][1][2] << '\n'; // 3.14 
} 

Answer 4

這裏是彼得的解決辦法收拾了一下，除去他的enable_if專業化，並再次使用索引招吧。另外，我概括爲下面的例子中的語法用於任何數目的一組值：

makeNDimensionalArray<char, I<3,6,5,4>, I<2,4,3,2, 0,1,2,3, 1,2,4,3>, I<0,0,0,0, 2,3,1,2>, I<1,1,2,1>>('a','b','c') 

其中I<3,6,5,4>設置多陣列的尺寸。然後I<2,4,3,2, 0,1,2,3, 1,2,4,3>將數組的這三個索引位置設置爲'a'，I<0,0,0,0, 2,3,1,2>將數組的這兩個索引位置設置爲'b'，等等。

#include <iostream> 
#include <array> 
#include <tuple> 
#include <utility> 

template <typename, std::size_t, std::size_t...> struct NArray; 

template <typename T, std::size_t NumDimensions, std::size_t N> 
struct NArray<T, NumDimensions, N> { 
    using type = std::array<T, N>; 
}; 

template <typename T, std::size_t NumDimensions, std::size_t First, std::size_t... Rest> 
struct NArray<T, NumDimensions, First, Rest...> { 
    using type = std::array<typename NArray<T, NumDimensions, Rest...>::type, First>; 
}; 

template <typename T, std::size_t... Dimensions> 
using NDimensionalArray = typename NArray<T, sizeof...(Dimensions), Dimensions...>::type; 

template <typename T, typename Dimensions> struct NArrayFromPack; 

template <typename T, template <std::size_t...> class P, std::size_t... Dimensions> 
struct NArrayFromPack<T, P<Dimensions...>> : NArray<T, sizeof...(Dimensions), Dimensions...> { 
    static constexpr std::size_t num_dimensions = sizeof...(Dimensions); 
}; 

template <typename A, typename T> 
void setArrayValue (A& a, const T& t) { a = t; } 

template <std::size_t First, std::size_t... Rest, typename Array, typename T> 
void setArrayValue (Array& array, const T& t) { 
    setArrayValue<Rest...>(array[First], t); 
} 

template <typename Indices, typename Sequence> struct InitializeArray; 

template <template <std::size_t...> class P, std::size_t... Is, std::size_t... Js> 
struct InitializeArray<P<Is...>, std::index_sequence<Js...>> { 
    template <typename Array, typename T> 
    static void execute (Array& array, const T& t) { 
     constexpr std::size_t GroupSize = sizeof...(Js), NumGroups = sizeof...(Is)/GroupSize; 
     set<GroupSize>(array, t, std::make_index_sequence<NumGroups>{}); 
    } 
private: 
    template <std::size_t GroupSize, typename Array, typename T, std::size_t... Ks> 
    static void set (Array& array, const T& t, std::index_sequence<Ks...>) { 
     const int dummy[] = {(do_set<Ks, GroupSize>(array, t), 0)...}; 
     static_cast<void>(dummy); 
    } 
    template <std::size_t N, std::size_t GroupSize, typename Array, typename T> 
    static void do_set (Array& array, const T& t) { 
     constexpr std::size_t a[] = {Is...}; 
     setArrayValue<a[N*GroupSize + Js]...>(array, t); 
    } 
}; 

template <typename T, typename Dimensions, typename... Indices, typename... Args> 
auto makeNDimensionalArray (const Args&... args) { 
    using A = NArrayFromPack<T, Dimensions>; 
    typename A::type array; 
    const int a[] = {(InitializeArray<Indices, std::make_index_sequence<A::num_dimensions>>::execute(array, args), 0)...}; 
    static_cast<void>(a); 
    return array; 
} 

template <std::size_t...> struct I; 

int main() { 
    const NDimensionalArray<char, 3,6,5,4> a = makeNDimensionalArray<char, I<3,6,5,4>, I<2,4,3,2, 0,1,2,3, 1,2,4,3>, I<0,0,0,0, 2,3,1,2>, I<1,1,2,1>>('a','b','c'); 
    std::cout << a[2][4][3][2] << std::endl; // a 
    std::cout << a[0][1][2][3] << std::endl; // a 
    std::cout << a[1][2][4][3] << std::endl; // a 
    std::cout << a[0][0][0][0] << std::endl; // b 
    std::cout << a[2][3][1][2] << std::endl; // b 
    std::cout << a[1][1][2][1] << std::endl; // c 
}