2017-05-08 50 views
1

我正在學Python的SQLAlchemy。爲什麼我的SQLAlchemy query.flter只適用於某些屬性?

下面是我正在使用的一個示例。

首先我生成一個數據文件包含了諸如以下的小狗信息:

class Puppy(Base): 
    __tablename__ = 'puppy' 
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) 
    name = Column(String(250), nullable=False) 
    gender = Column(String(6), nullable = False) 
    dateOfBirth = Column(Date) 
    shelter_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('shelter.id')) 
    weight = Column(Numeric(10)) 


male_names = ["Bailey", "Max", ...just some names..., "Luke", "Henry"] 

female_names = ['Bella', 'Lucy', ...just some names..., 'Honey', 'Dakota'] 

def CreateRandomAge(): 
    today = datetime.today() 
    days_old = randint(0,540) 
    birthday = today - timedelta(days = days_old) 
    return birthday 

def CreateRandomWeight(): 
    return random.uniform(1.0, 40.0) 

for i,x in enumerate(male_names): 
    new_puppy = Puppy(name = x, gender = "male", dateOfBirth = CreateRandomAge(), weight= CreateRandomWeight()) 
    session.add(new_puppy) 
    session.commit() 

for i,x in enumerate(female_names): 
    new_puppy = Puppy(name = x, gender = "female", dateOfBirth = CreateRandomAge(), weight= CreateRandomWeight()) 
    session.add(new_puppy) 
    session.commit() 

現在我想過濾某些種類如下小狗:

testpuppy = session.query(Puppy).filter_by(name='Lucy') 
print(testpuppy) 

birthdate = datetime.today() - timedelta(days=180) 
smallpuppy = session.query(Puppy).filter_by(dateOfBirth < birthdate) 
print(smallpuppy) 

然後很奇怪,因爲testpuppy通過,我可以得到露西,但出生日期無法通過,每次我想要得到這些小便宜時,我只是得到一個錯誤

NameError: name 'dateOfBirth' is not defined 

我真的不明白,爲什麼我的過濾器只能在某些屬性上操作,哪裏出錯?

回答

0

的問題是,你需要使用filter,而不是filter_by這樣的:

smallpuppy = session.query(Puppy).filter(Puppy.dateOfBirth < birthdate) 

filter,標準應該使用ClassName.propertyName訪問欄,您可以使用<>

filter_by,該標準可以使用propertyName直接訪問列,但不能使用<>

請參閱this answer,它會給你更詳細的關於filterfilter_by之間的區別。

+0

酷,它的工作原理,並感謝您進一步ref :) – jetorz

+0

@jetorz乾杯;) –

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