錯誤LNK2019：無法解析的外部符號，排除所有典型原因

Question

在本網站上，對於此問題的每個答案（從我所看到的，這是很多）已在我的案例中得到解決，而且我仍然處於僵局。我正在使用遺留代碼，不得不通過設置正確連接的開發環境來破解我的方式。使用VS 2012，我有一個包含22個項目的解決方案，它們之間有一個spiderweb依賴關係。 1個項目，phtranscript，依賴於來自另一個項目hunspell的代碼，而phtranscript的代碼反過來需要第三個項目speechRecognizer。以下是相關文件和編譯器/連接器輸出：

在項目phtranscript：

phTranscript.h：

#ifndef _phTranscript_h__ 
#define _phTranscript_h__ 

#include <vector> 
#include <string> 
#include <map> 
#include "config.h" 
#include "character.h" 
... 
class hunspellMorph{ 
public: 
    static hunspellMorph *instance(); 
protected: 
    hunspellMorph(); 

private: 
    hunspellMorph(const hunspellMorph &); 
    hunspellMorph& operator=(const hunspellMorph &); 

public: 
    ~hunspellMorph(); 

    void Morph(const std::string &in,std::vector<std::string> &out); 

private: 
    class impl; 
    impl *pImpl_; 
}; 


#endif 

hunspellMorph.cpp：

#include "phTranscript.h" 
#include "hunspell.hxx" 
#include <treeNode.h> 

#include <string.h> 

class hunspellMorph::impl{ 
private: 
    Hunspell hs; 

public: 
    impl(); 

    void Morph(const std::string &in,std::vector<std::string> &out); 

}; 

void hunspellMorph::impl::Morph(const std::string &in,std::vector<std::string> &out){ 
    char **slst; 
    int re = hs.analyze(&slst,in.c_str()); 
    ... 
    freelist(&slst,re); 
} 

hunspellMorph::hunspellMorph(){ 
    pImpl_ = new impl(); 
} 

hunspellMorph::~hunspellMorph(){ 
    delete pImpl_; 
} 

.... 

在項目中的hunspell：

hunspell.hxx：

#include "affixmgr.hxx" 
#include "suggestmgr.hxx" 
#include "csutil.hxx" 
#include "langnum.hxx" 

#define SPELL_COMPOUND (1 << 0) 
#define SPELL_FORBIDDEN (1 << 1) 
#define SPELL_ALLCAP (1 << 2) 
#define SPELL_NOCAP  (1 << 3) 
#define SPELL_INITCAP (1 << 4) 

#define MAXDIC 20 
#define MAXSUGGESTION 15 
#define MAXSHARPS 5 

#ifndef _HUNSPELL_HXX_ 
#define _HUNSPELL_HXX_ 

class Hunspell 
{ 
    ... 
public: 
    Hunspell(const char * affpath, const char * dpath, const char * key = NULL); 
    ~Hunspell(); 

    int analyze(char ***slst,const char *word,int d=0); 
    ... 
}; 
#endif 

csutil.hxx：

#ifndef __CSUTILHXX__ 
#define __CSUTILHXX__ 

// First some base level utility routines 

#define NOCAP 0 
#define INITCAP 1 
#define ALLCAP 2 
#define HUHCAP 3 
#define HUHINITCAP 4 

#define MORPH_STEM  "st:" 
#define MORPH_ALLOMORPH "al:" 
#define MORPH_POS   "po:" 
#define MORPH_DERI_PFX "dp:" 
#define MORPH_INFL_PFX "ip:" 
#define MORPH_TERM_PFX "tp:" 
#define MORPH_DERI_SFX "ds:" 
#define MORPH_INFL_SFX "is:" 
#define MORPH_TERM_SFX "ts:" 
#define MORPH_SURF_PFX "sp:" 
#define MORPH_FREQ  "fr:" 
#define MORPH_PHON  "ph:" 
#define MORPH_HYPH  "hy:" 
#define MORPH_PART  "pa:" 
#define MORPH_HENTRY  "_H:" 
#define MORPH_TAG_LEN  strlen(MORPH_STEM) 

#define MSEP_FLD ' ' 
#define MSEP_REC '\n' 
#define MSEP_ALT '\v' 

// default flags 
#define DEFAULTFLAGS 65510 
#define FORBIDDENWORD 65510 
#define ONLYUPCASEFLAG 65511 

typedef struct { 
    unsigned char l; 
    unsigned char h; 
} w_char; 

#define w_char_eq(a,b) (((a).l == (b).l) && ((a).h == (b).h)) 

... 
// free character array list 
void freelist(char *** list, int n); 
#endif 

hunspell.cxx：

#include "license.hunspell" 
#include "license.myspell" 

#ifndef MOZILLA_CLIENT 
#include <cstdlib> 
#include <cstring> 
#include <cstdio> 
#else 
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#endif 

#include "hunspell.hxx" 
#include "./config.h" 
#include "./treeNode.h" 
#include "cache.h" 

#include <string> 
#include <vector> 

#ifndef MOZILLA_CLIENT 
#ifndef W32 
using namespace std; 
#endif 
#endif 

Hunspell::Hunspell(const char * affpath, const char * dpath, const char * key) 
{ 
    ... 
} 

Hunspell::~Hunspell() 
{ 
    ... 
} 

int Hunspell::analyze(char ***slst,const char *word,int d){ 
    ... 
} 

csutil.cxx：

#include "license.hunspell" 
#include "license.myspell" 

#ifndef MOZILLA_CLIENT 
#include <cstdlib> 
#include <cstring> 
#include <cstdio> 
#include <cctype> 
#else 
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <ctype.h> 
#endif 

#include "csutil.hxx" 
#include "atypes.hxx" 
#include "langnum.hxx" 

#ifdef OPENOFFICEORG 
# include <unicode/uchar.h> 
#else 
# ifndef MOZILLA_CLIENT 
# include "utf_info.cxx" 
# define UTF_LST_LEN (sizeof(utf_lst)/(sizeof(unicode_info))) 
# endif 
#endif 

#ifdef MOZILLA_CLIENT 
#include "nsCOMPtr.h" 
#include "nsServiceManagerUtils.h" 
#include "nsIUnicodeEncoder.h" 
#include "nsIUnicodeDecoder.h" 
#include "nsICaseConversion.h" 
#include "nsICharsetConverterManager.h" 
#include "nsUnicharUtilCIID.h" 
#include "nsUnicharUtils.h" 

static NS_DEFINE_CID(kCharsetConverterManagerCID, NS_ICHARSETCONVERTERMANAGER_CID); 
static NS_DEFINE_CID(kUnicharUtilCID, NS_UNICHARUTIL_CID); 
#endif 

#ifdef MOZILLA_CLIENT 
#ifdef __SUNPRO_CC // for SunONE Studio compiler 
using namespace std; 
#endif 
#else 
#ifndef W32 
using namespace std; 
#endif 
#endif 

... 

void freelist(char *** list, int n) { 
    if (list && (n > 0)) { 
     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if ((*list)[i]) free((*list)[i]); 
     free(*list); 
     *list = NULL; 
    } 
} 

而這裏的不同之間的清理生成輸出項目：

6>------ Build started: Project: hunspell, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------ 
... 
6> hunspell.vcxproj -> C:\temp\speech\divided_rm_speech_proj\Debug\hunspell.exe 
... 
10>------ Build started: Project: phtranscript, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------ 
... 
10> phtranscript.vcxproj -> C:\temp\speech\divided_rm_speech_proj\Debug\phtranscript.exe 
... 
19>------ Build started: Project: speechRecognizer, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------ 
... 
19> Generating Code... 
19>hunspellMorph.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void __cdecl freelist(char * * *,int)" (?freelist@@YAXPAPAPADH@Z) referenced in function "public: void __thiscall hunspellMorph::impl::Morph(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,class std::vector<class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >,class std::allocator<class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > > > &)" (?Morph@impl@hunspellMorph@@QAEXABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@AAV?$vector@V?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@V?$allocator@V?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@@2@@4@@Z) 
19>hunspellMorph.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Hunspell::Hunspell(char const *,char const *,char const *)" (??0Hunspell@@QAE@PBD00@Z) referenced in function "public: __thiscall hunspellMorph::impl::impl(void)" (??0impl@hunspellMorph@@QAE@XZ) 
19>hunspellMorph.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Hunspell::~Hunspell(void)" (??1Hunspell@@QAE@XZ) referenced in function "public: __thiscall hunspellMorph::impl::~impl(void)" (??1impl@hunspellMorph@@QAE@XZ) 
19>hunspellMorph.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: int __thiscall Hunspell::analyze(char * * *,char const *,int)" (?analyze@Hunspell@@QAEHPAPAPADPBDH@Z) referenced in function "public: void __thiscall hunspellMorph::impl::Morph(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,class std::vector<class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >,class std::allocator<class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > > > &)" (?Morph@impl@hunspellMorph@@QAEXABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@AAV?$vector@V?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@V?$allocator@V?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@@2@@4@@Z) 
19>C:\temp\speech\divided_rm_speech_proj\Debug\speechRecognizer.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 4 unresolved externals 

請記住，有很多代碼取出，所以如果缺少重要的東西讓我知道，我會更新這個描述。

在Visual Studio 2012的環境設置中，phtranscript的項目屬性具有在公共屬性下建立的hunspell引用，include目錄字段包含hunspell include目錄，庫目錄字段包含hunspell庫輸出文件夾（全部使用VC++目錄），C/C++附加包含目錄還列出了hunspell包含目錄。當我同時指定了它和VC++目錄時，我得到了鏈接器 - >輸入附加庫字段，因爲我得到了「已聲明符號」鏈接器錯誤。在Project Dependencies下，我檢查hunspell並確保它在構建順序中的phtranscript之前。最後，我已經手動將現有的hunspell庫（在它們編譯之後）添加到phtranscript項目中。在speechrecognizer項目中，我已經採取了相同的步驟，因爲它們對應於phtranscript項目依賴關係。

代碼幾乎是一場噩夢。解決這個問題需要做的最少量的修改是什麼？最好只需在IDE端更改/添加某些內容，而不是更改代碼（儘管這些內容不可避免）。

更新：

所有項目被指定爲項目屬性下的應用程序。其更改爲靜態庫（所有，但1個項目旨在執行）後，鏈接錯誤變成這樣：

21>speechRecognizer.lib(hunspellMorph.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void __cdecl freelist(char * * *,int)" (?freelist@@YAXPAPAPADH@Z) referenced in function "public: void __thiscall hunspellMorph::impl::Morph(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,class std::vector<class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >,class std::allocator<class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > > > &)" (?Morph@impl@hunspellMorph@@QAEXABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@AAV?$vector@V?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@V?$allocator@V?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@@2@@4@@Z) 
21>speechRecognizer.lib(hunspellMorph.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Hunspell::Hunspell(char const *,char const *,char const *)" (??0Hunspell@@QAE@PBD00@Z) referenced in function "public: __thiscall hunspellMorph::impl::impl(void)" (??0impl@hunspellMorph@@QAE@XZ) 
21>speechRecognizer.lib(hunspellMorph.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Hunspell::~Hunspell(void)" (??1Hunspell@@QAE@XZ) referenced in function "public: __thiscall hunspellMorph::impl::~impl(void)" (??1impl@hunspellMorph@@QAE@XZ) 
21>speechRecognizer.lib(hunspellMorph.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: int __thiscall Hunspell::analyze(char * * *,char const *,int)" (?analyze@Hunspell@@QAEHPAPAPADPBDH@Z) referenced in function "public: void __thiscall hunspellMorph::impl::Morph(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,class std::vector<class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >,class std::allocator<class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > > > &)" (?Morph@impl@hunspellMorph@@QAEXABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@AAV?$vector@V?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@V?$allocator@V?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@@2@@4@@Z) 
21>C:\temp\speech\divided_rm_speech_proj\Debug\interface11.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 8 unresolved externals 

這些鏈接錯誤等到在最後編譯應用程序來涌現，而不是在編譯時speechrecognizer作爲應用程序。還有其他未解決的聯繫，但它們似乎是獨立的（儘管有關）這個問題。

Answer 1

您的輸出告訴我，這兩個項目都被編譯爲* .exe文件。我不知道在這種情況下，'phtranscript'如何使用模塊，它是'hunspell'的一部分。

如果您創建了這樣的依賴關係，hunspell應該是靜態（或動態）庫，即phtranscript鏈接到的庫。我相信你會正確地設置所有的依賴關係，但VS沒有任何東西可以鏈接在一起，這就是爲什麼鏈接器對你很生氣 - 它不能使用* .exe作爲依賴關係。

簡單的解決方案：將'hunspell'類型更改爲'靜態庫（.lib）'或'動態庫（.dll）'並設置'phtranscript'以將其用作輸入庫。