如何防止Python構建失敗

我想構建一個我開發的基本Python tkinter應用程序。當我嘗試通過在命令提示符下建設有cx_freeze的應用程序，我碰到下面的錯誤輸出：如何防止Python構建失敗

C:\Users\RedCode\PycharmProjects\DatabaseExample>python setup.py build 
running build 
running build_exe 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "setup.py", line 26, in <module> 
    executables = [Executable("cardb.py", base = base)]) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\dist.py", line 349, in setup 
    distutils.core.setup(**attrs) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup 
    dist.run_commands() 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 955, in run_commands 
    self.run_command(cmd) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command 
    cmd_obj.run() 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\distutils\command\build.py", line 135, in run 
    self.run_command(cmd_name) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command 
    self.distribution.run_command(command) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command 
    cmd_obj.run() 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\dist.py", line 219, in run 
    freezer.Freeze() 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\freezer.py", line 623, in Freeze 
    self._FreezeExecutable(executable) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\freezer.py", line 199, in _FreezeExecutable 
    finder.IncludeFile(exe.script, exe.moduleName) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\finder.py", line 633, in IncludeFile 
    deferredImports) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\finder.py", line 474, in _LoadModule 
    self._ScanCode(module.code, module, deferredImports) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\finder.py", line 564, in _ScanCode 
    module, relativeImportIndex) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\finder.py", line 310, in _ImportModule 
    deferredImports, namespace = namespace) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\finder.py", line 403, in _InternalImportModule 
    parentModule, namespace) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\finder.py", line 416, in _LoadModule 
    namespace) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\finder.py", line 485, in _LoadPackage 
    self._LoadModule(name, fp, path, info, deferredImports, parent) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\finder.py", line 463, in _LoadModule 
    self._RunHook("load", module.name, module) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\finder.py", line 536, in _RunHook 
    method(self, *args) 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\hooks.py", line 613, in load_tkinter 
    tclSourceDir = os.environ["TCL_LIBRARY"] 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\os.py", line 669, in __getitem__ 
    raise KeyError(key) from None 
KeyError: 'TCL_LIBRARY'

當我嘗試使用pyinstaller，我第一次嘗試pip install setup.py，得到了以下的輸出：

C:\Users\RedCode\PycharmProjects\DatabaseExample>pip install setup.py 
Collecting setup.py 
    Downloading setup.py-0.1.0.tar.gz 
Installing collected packages: setup.py 
    Running setup.py install for setup.py ... done 
Successfully installed setup.py-0.1.0

即使它說它是成功的，即使在我的整個機器上使用搜索功能後，我也無法在我的電腦上找到它。

我又試圖pyinstaller setup.py，得到了下面的輸出錯誤：

C:\Users\RedCode\PycharmProjects\DatabaseExample>pyinstaller setup.py 
495 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.2.1 
495 INFO: Python: 3.6.1 
496 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.10240-SP0 
501 INFO: wrote C:\Users\RedCode\PycharmProjects\DatabaseExample\setup.spec 
503 INFO: UPX is not available. 
509 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths 
['C:\\Users\\RedCode\\PycharmProjects\\DatabaseExample', 
'C:\\Users\\RedCode\\PycharmProjects\\DatabaseExample'] 
509 INFO: checking Analysis 
509 INFO: Building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc is non existent 
510 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph... 
512 INFO: Initializing module graph hooks... 
518 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ... 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "C:\Users\RedCode\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts\pyinstaller-script.py", line 11, in <module> 
    load_entry_point('PyInstaller==3.2.1', 'console_scripts', 'pyinstaller')() 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\__main__.py", line 90, in run 
    run_build(pyi_config, spec_file, **vars(args)) 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\__main__.py", line 46, in run_build 
    PyInstaller.building.build_main.main(pyi_config, spec_file, **kwargs) 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\building\build_main.py", line 788, in main 
    build(specfile, kw.get('distpath'), kw.get('workpath'), kw.get('clean_build')) 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\building\build_main.py", line 734, in build 
    exec(text, spec_namespace) 
    File "<string>", line 16, in <module> 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\building\build_main.py", line 212, in __init__ 
    self.__postinit__() 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\building\datastruct.py", line 161, in __postinit__ 
    self.assemble() 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\building\build_main.py", line 317, in assemble 
    excludes=self.excludes, user_hook_dirs=self.hookspath) 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\analysis.py", line 560, in initialize_modgraph 
    graph.import_hook(m) 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\lib\modulegraph\modulegraph.py", line 1509, in import_hook 
    source_package, target_module_partname, level) 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\lib\modulegraph\modulegraph.py", line 1661, in _find_head_package 
    target_module_headname, target_package_name, source_package) 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\analysis.py", line 209, in _safe_import_module 
    module_basename, module_name, parent_package) 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\lib\modulegraph\modulegraph.py", line 2077, in _safe_import_module 
    module_name, file_handle, pathname, metadata) 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\lib\modulegraph\modulegraph.py", line 2167, in _load_module 
    self._scan_code(m, co, co_ast) 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\lib\modulegraph\modulegraph.py", line 2585, in _scan_code 
    module, module_code_object, is_scanning_imports=False) 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\lib\modulegraph\modulegraph.py", line 2831, in _scan_bytecode 
    global_attr_name = get_operation_arg_name() 
    File "c:\users\RedCode\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\lib\modulegraph\modulegraph.py", line 2731, in get_operation_arg_name 
    return module_code_object.co_names[co_names_index] 
IndexError: tuple index out of range

這裏是我的設置文件的代碼：

application_title = "Car Database" 
main_python_file = "cardb.py" 

import sys 

from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable 

base = None 
if sys.platform == "win32": 
    base = "Win32GUI" 

setup(
     name = "cardb.py", 
     version = "0.1", 
     description = "Simple tkinter application", 
     executables = [Executable("cardb.py", base = base)])

我使用cx_Freeze構建應用程序，和我如果有幫助的話，通過PyCharm-Community 2017.1.1運行Python 3.6.1。我到處搜索，似乎無法找到任何有用的東西（看起來對Python 3.6.x的支持很差）。

如何成功構建我的應用程序？或者至少我該如何糾正構建期間發生的這些錯誤？

來源

2017-05-30 RedCode

import sys 
import os 
from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable 
import cx_Freeze 
import tkinter 
import os.path 


base = None 

if sys.platform == 'win32': 
    base = "Win32GUI" 


PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.__file__)) 
os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tcl8.6') 
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tk8.6') 

#This was another style I tried using. If you don't have your python installed #to your path you could try this method. Obviously need to update the URL to #those files 
#os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = r'C:\Users\gardener\Downloads\WinPython-64bit-3.5.3.0Qt5\python-3.5.3.amd64\tcl\tcl8.6' 
#os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = r'C:\Users\gardener\Downloads\WinPython-64bit-3.5.3.0Qt5\python-3.5.3.amd64\tcl\tk8.6' 

executables = [cx_Freeze.Executable("cardb.py", base=base)] 


options = { 
    'build_exe': { 

     'include_files':[ 
      os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tk86t.dll'), 
      os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tcl86t.dll'), 

     ] 
    }, 

} 

cx_Freeze.setup(
    name = "cardb", 
    options = options, 
    version = "0.1", 
    description = 'Simple tkinter application', 
    executables = executables 
)

給一個嘗試

來源

2017-05-30 17:30:49 Gardener85

你能解釋爲什麼這個作品，如果它呢？這對其他讀者會有幫助。 –

通常當cx_Freeze無法正確創建Tkinter應用程序時，這是因爲我指出的DLL文件未包含在Freeze中。 – Gardener85

真棒，它工作！但是現在每當我運行該應用程序時，cmd提示符也會打開。運行應用程序時有什麼辦法可以防止cmd打開嗎？ – RedCode

如何防止Python構建失敗

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