如何配置git忽略ELF文件類型？

Question

理想情況下，我想向.gitignore文件添加特定的文件類型，而不是通過查看擴展名，而是查看文件類型。

我可以例如從

file some/file | grep -q ELF 

檢查返回代碼，如果返回代碼爲零，我不希望將文件添加到提交。有沒有辦法通過編輯.gitignore文件或編寫某種類型的git鉤子來實現這一點？

Answer 1

使用pre-commit掛鉤，您可以防止添加這樣的文件，即使提交失敗，甚至可以靜默地從索引中刪除它們（使用git rm --cached "$filename"）。你也可以用.gitignore或.git/info/exclude填充所有這些文件的列表，以便它們不再以git狀態出現，但這有點危險 - 如果以後將文件更改爲您希望保留在歷史中的腳本你應該記得從忽略列表中刪除它。

PS：如評論建議，添加鉤子的例子。它應該是.git/hooks/pre-commit中的可執行文件。請注意，這僅僅是一個例子，我沒有對它進行徹底的測試。

#!/bin/sh 

# --porcelain prints filenames either plain, or quoted with 
# double-quotes and all special symbols as backspash sequences. 
# another option is to add also '-z' which uses NUL delimiters 
# and no quoting but handling such format with shell is complicated 
git status --porcelain | while read -r st qfile; do 
    if test "$st" != "A"; then 
     # the operation is not adding; let it pass 
     continue 
    fi 
    case "$qfile" in 
    *\\*) # for special symbol handling, probably shell is really not a reasonable choice 
     printf "Unsupported filename: %s\n" "$qfile" 
     exit 1;; 
    *' "') # trailing spaces need special care in gitignore; do not worth efforts 
     printf "Unsupported filename: %s\n" "$qfile" 
     exit 1;; 
    '"'*'"') # we excluded all quoting, what's left are spaces only, just bite them off 
     qfile1="${qfile%\"}" 
     file="${qfile1#\"}";; 
    *) # simple case 
     file="$qfile";; 
    esac 
    type=$(file -b -i "$file") 
    # the value to compare to is what file from Debian wheezy prints for binaries, 
    # I don't know how portable this value is 
    if test "$type" = "application/x-executable; charset=binary"; then 
     git rm --cached "$file" 
     printf "/%s\n" "$file" >>.git/info/exclude 
    fi 
done