處理重複鍵與ConfigParser

Question

可能重複：
Python Config Parser (Duplicate Key Support)

我想讀一個Python INI格式的項目文件。該文件在一個節中包含重複鍵（具有唯一值）。例如，其中一個部分是這樣的：

[Source Files] 
Source="file1.c" 
Source="file2.c" 
Source="file3.c" 

如果我看到這個使用下面的代碼

config = configparser.ConfigParser(strict=False) 
config.read("project/file/name") 
print(config.get("Source Files", "Source")) 

結果是

"file3.c" 

有沒有什麼辦法取得密鑰Source的所有值的列表？我打算使用其他方法來解析文件。

請注意，我無法更改文件格式。

Answer 1

我最終繼承了RawConfigParser類來實現此功能。如果別人很關心這個，這是我正在使用的代碼：

import configparser 

class ConfigParserMultiOpt(configparser.RawConfigParser): 
    """ConfigParser allowing duplicate keys. Values are stored in a list""" 

    def __init__(self): 
    configparser.RawConfigParser.__init__(self, empty_lines_in_values=False, strict=False) 

    def _read(self, fp, fpname): 
    """Parse a sectioned configuration file. 

    Each section in a configuration file contains a header, indicated by 
    a name in square brackets (`[]'), plus key/value options, indicated by 
    `name' and `value' delimited with a specific substring (`=' or `:' by 
    default). 

    Values can span multiple lines, as long as they are indented deeper 
    than the first line of the value. Depending on the parser's mode, blank 
    lines may be treated as parts of multiline values or ignored. 

    Configuration files may include comments, prefixed by specific 
    characters (`#' and `;' by default). Comments may appear on their own 
    in an otherwise empty line or may be entered in lines holding values or 
    section names. 
    """ 
    elements_added = set() 
    cursect = None      # None, or a dictionary 
    sectname = None 
    optname = None 
    lineno = 0 
    indent_level = 0 
    e = None        # None, or an exception 
    for lineno, line in enumerate(fp, start=1): 
     comment_start = None 
     # strip inline comments 
     for prefix in self._inline_comment_prefixes: 
     index = line.find(prefix) 
     if index == 0 or (index > 0 and line[index-1].isspace()): 
      comment_start = index 
      break 
     # strip full line comments 
     for prefix in self._comment_prefixes: 
     if line.strip().startswith(prefix): 
      comment_start = 0 
      break 
     value = line[:comment_start].strip() 
     if not value: 
     if self._empty_lines_in_values: 
      # add empty line to the value, but only if there was no 
      # comment on the line 
      if (comment_start is None and 
       cursect is not None and 
       optname and 
       cursect[optname] is not None): 
       cursect[optname].append('') # newlines added at join 
     else: 
      # empty line marks end of value 
      indent_level = sys.maxsize 
     continue 
     # continuation line? 
     first_nonspace = self.NONSPACECRE.search(line) 
     cur_indent_level = first_nonspace.start() if first_nonspace else 0 
     if (cursect is not None and optname and 
      cur_indent_level > indent_level): 
      cursect[optname].append(value) 
     # a section header or option header? 
     else: 
     indent_level = cur_indent_level 
     # is it a section header? 
     mo = self.SECTCRE.match(value) 
     if mo: 
      sectname = mo.group('header') 
      if sectname in self._sections: 
      if self._strict and sectname in elements_added: 
       raise DuplicateSectionError(sectname, fpname, 
              lineno) 
      cursect = self._sections[sectname] 
      elements_added.add(sectname) 
      elif sectname == self.default_section: 
      cursect = self._defaults 
      else: 
      cursect = self._dict() 
      self._sections[sectname] = cursect 
      self._proxies[sectname] = configparser.SectionProxy(self, sectname) 
      elements_added.add(sectname) 
      # So sections can't start with a continuation line 
      optname = None 
     # no section header in the file? 
     elif cursect is None: 
      raise MissingSectionHeaderError(fpname, lineno, line) 
     # an option line? 
     else: 
      mo = self._optcre.match(value) 
      if mo: 
      optname, vi, optval = mo.group('option', 'vi', 'value') 
      if not optname: 
       e = self._handle_error(e, fpname, lineno, line) 
      optname = self.optionxform(optname.rstrip()) 
      if (self._strict and 
       (sectname, optname) in elements_added): 
       raise configparser.DuplicateOptionError(sectname, optname, fpname, lineno) 
      elements_added.add((sectname, optname)) 
      # This check is fine because the OPTCRE cannot 
      # match if it would set optval to None 
      if optval is not None: 
       optval = optval.strip() 
       # Check if this optname already exists 
       if (optname in cursect) and (cursect[optname] is not None): 
       # If it does, convert it to a tuple if it isn't already one 
       if not isinstance(cursect[optname], tuple): 
        cursect[optname] = tuple(cursect[optname]) 
       cursect[optname] = cursect[optname] + tuple([optval]) 
       else: 
       cursect[optname] = [optval] 
      else: 
       # valueless option handling 
       cursect[optname] = None 
      else: 
      # a non-fatal parsing error occurred. set up the 
      # exception but keep going. the exception will be 
      # raised at the end of the file and will contain a 
      # list of all bogus lines 
      e = self._handle_error(e, fpname, lineno, line) 
    # if any parsing errors occurred, raise an exception 
    if e: 
     raise e 
    self._join_multiline_values() 

的_read功能是複製粘貼從configparser.py。我做的唯一的改變是在optval = optval.strip()行之後加上if條件。 ConfigParserMultiOpt將返回tuple中某個節中的重複鍵的多個值。

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我是新來的Python，所以如果任何人有改善上述代碼的建議，我都耳朵！