在Python中，如何獲取文件的正確路徑？

Question

Windows使用不區分大小寫的文件名，所以我可以與任何這些打開相同的文件：

r"c:\windows\system32\desktop.ini" 
r"C:\WINdows\System32\DESKTOP.ini" 
r"C:\WiNdOwS\SyStEm32\DeSkToP.iNi" 

等。鑑於這些路徑的，我怎麼能找到真正的情況？我想他們都產生：

r"C:\Windows\System32\desktop.ini" 

os.path.normcase不這樣做，它只是小寫的一切。 os.path.abspath返回一個絕對路徑，但其中每一個都是絕對路徑，所以它不會改變它們中的任何一個。 os.path.realpath僅用於解析Windows沒有的符號鏈接，因此它與Windows上的abspath相同。

有沒有簡單的方法來做到這一點？

Answer 1

這裏有一個簡單，STDLIB只，解決方法：

import glob 
def get_actual_filename(name): 
    name = "%s[%s]" % (name[:-1], name[-1]) 
    return glob.glob(name)[0] 

Answer 2

由於NTFS（或VFAT）文件系統上「真實案例」的定義確實很奇怪，因此似乎最好的方法是走路徑並匹配os.listdir()。

是的，這似乎是一個人爲的解決方案，但NTFS路徑也是如此。我沒有一臺DOS機器來測試它。

Answer 3

我會用os.walk，但我認爲，對於很多目錄diskw可能耗時：

fname = "g:\\miCHal\\ZzZ.tXt" 
if not os.path.exists(fname): 
    print('No such file') 
else: 
    d, f = os.path.split(fname) 
    dl = d.lower() 
    fl = f.lower() 
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk('g:\\'): 
     if root.lower() == dl: 
      fn = [n for n in files if n.lower() == fl][0] 
      print(os.path.join(root, fn)) 
      break 

Answer 4

This python-win32 thread有不需要第三方軟件包答案或行走的樹：

import ctypes 

def getLongPathName(path): 
    buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(260) 
    GetLongPathName = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetLongPathNameW 
    rv = GetLongPathName(path, buf, 260) 
    if rv == 0 or rv > 260: 
     return path 
    else: 
     return buf.value 

Answer 5

Ned的GetLongPathName答案不起作用（至少不適合我）。您需要撥打GetShortPathname返回值GetLongPathName。使用pywin32爲了簡潔（一個ctypes解決方案將類似於Ned的）：

>>> win32api.GetLongPathName(win32api.GetShortPathName('stopservices.vbs')) 
'StopServices.vbs' 

Answer 6

Ethan answer正確的只有文件名，而不是子文件夾名的道路上。 這是我的猜測：

def get_actual_filename(name): 
    dirs = name.split('\\') 
    # disk letter 
    test_name = [dirs[0].upper()] 
    for d in dirs[1:]: 
     test_name += ["%s[%s]" % (d[:-1], d[-1])] 
    res = glob.glob('\\'.join(test_name)) 
    if not res: 
     #File not found 
     return None 
    return res[0] 

Answer 7

我喜歡伊森和xvorsx的方法。據我所知，下面不會也害在其他平臺上：

import os.path 
from glob import glob 

def get_actual_filename(name): 
    sep = os.path.sep 
    parts = os.path.normpath(name).split(sep) 
    dirs = parts[0:-1] 
    filename = parts[-1] 
    if dirs[0] == os.path.splitdrive(name)[0]: 
     test_name = [dirs[0].upper()] 
    else: 
     test_name = [sep + dirs[0]] 
    for d in dirs[1:]: 
     test_name += ["%s[%s]" % (d[:-1], d[-1])] 
    path = glob(sep.join(test_name))[0] 
    res = glob(sep.join((path, filename))) 
    if not res: 
     #File not found 
     return None 
    return res[0] 

Answer 8

基於關閉一對夫婦的listdir同時的/走上面的例子，但支持UNC路徑

def get_actual_filename(path): 
    orig_path = path 
    path = os.path.normpath(path) 

    # Build root to start searching from. Different for unc paths. 
    if path.startswith(r'\\'): 
     path = path.lstrip(r'\\') 
     path_split = path.split('\\') 
     # listdir doesn't work on just the machine name 
     if len(path_split) < 3: 
      return orig_path 
     test_path = r'\\{}\{}'.format(path_split[0], path_split[1]) 
     start = 2 
    else: 
     path_split = path.split('\\') 
     test_path = path_split[0] + '\\' 
     start = 1 

    for i in range(start, len(path_split)): 
     part = path_split[i] 
     if os.path.isdir(test_path): 
      for name in os.listdir(test_path): 
       if name.lower() == part.lower(): 
        part = name 
        break 
      test_path = os.path.join(test_path, part) 
     else: 
      return orig_path 
    return test_path 

Answer 9

我只是用相同的掙扎問題。我不確定，但我認爲以前的答案並不涵蓋所有情況。我的實際問題是驅動器盤符與系統看到的不一樣。這裏是我的解決方案，還檢查了正確的盤符外殼（使用WIN32API）：

def get_case_sensitive_path(path): 
     """ 
     Get case sensitive path based on not - case sensitive path. 

     Returns: 
     The real absolute path. 

     Exceptions: 
     ValueError if the path doesn't exist. 

     Important note on Windows: when starting command line using 
     letter cases different from the actual casing of the files/directories, 
     the interpreter will use the invalid cases in path (e. g. os.getcwd() 
     returns path that has cases different from actuals). 
     When using tools that are case - sensitive, this will cause a problem. 
     Below code is used to get path with exact the same casing as the 
     actual. 
     See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2113822/python-getting-filename-case-as-stored-in-windows 
     """ 
     drive, path = os.path.splitdrive(os.path.abspath(path)) 
     path = path.lstrip(os.sep) 
     path = path.rstrip(os.sep) 
     folders = [] 

     # Make sure the drive number is also in the correct casing. 
     drives = win32api.GetLogicalDriveStrings() 
     drives = drives.split("\000")[:-1] 
     # Get the list of the the form C:, d:, E: etc. 
     drives = [d.replace("\\", "") for d in drives] 
     # Now get a lower case version for comparison. 
     drives_l = [d.lower() for d in drives] 
     # Find the index of matching item. 
     idx = drives_l.index(drive.lower()) 
     # Get the drive letter with the correct casing. 
     drive = drives[idx] 

     # Divide path into components. 
     while 1: 
      path, folder = os.path.split(path) 
      if folder != "": 
       folders.append(folder) 
      else: 
       if path != "": 
        folders.append(path) 
       break 

     # Restore their original order. 
     folders.reverse() 

     if len(folders) > 0: 
      retval = drive + os.sep 

      for folder in folders: 
       found = False 
       for item in os.listdir(retval): 
        if item.lower() == folder.lower(): 
         found = True 
         retval = os.path.join(retval, item) 
         break 
       if not found: 
        raise ValueError("Path not found: '{0}'".format(retval)) 

     else: 
      retval = drive + os.sep 

     return retval 

Answer 10

這一個統一，縮短和修復了幾個方法： 標準庫只;轉換所有路徑部分（驅動器號除外）;相對或絕對路徑;開車或不開車; tolarant：

def casedpath(path): 
    r = glob.glob(re.sub(r'([^:/\\])(?=[/\\]|$)', r'[\1]', path)) 
    return r and r[0] or path 

而這一次處理UNC路徑除了：

def casedpath_unc(path): 
    unc, p = os.path.splitunc(path) 
    r = glob.glob(unc + re.sub(r'([^:/\\])(?=[/\\]|$)', r'[\1]', p)) 
    return r and r[0] or path