2009-09-30 159 views
16

我有一個從命名管道讀取消息的線程。這是一個阻塞閱讀,這就是爲什麼它在自己的線程。當此線程讀取消息時,我希望它通知在主線程中運行的Windows窗體消息循環已準備好消息。我怎樣才能做到這一點?在win32中,我會做一個PostMessage,但是這個函數似乎不存在於.Net中(或者至少我找不到它)。發送或發佈消息到Windows窗體消息循環

回答

15

在WinForms中,您可以使用Control.BeginInvoke來實現此目的。一個例子:

public class SomethingReadyNotifier 
{ 
    private readonly Control synchronizer = new Control(); 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Event raised when something is ready. The event is always raised in the 
    /// message loop of the thread where this object was created. 
    /// </summary> 
    public event EventHandler SomethingReady; 

    protected void OnSomethingReady() 
    { 
     SomethingReady?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty); 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Causes the SomethingReady event to be raised on the message loop of the 
    /// thread which created this object. 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <remarks> 
    /// Can safely be called from any thread. Always returns immediately without 
    /// waiting for the event to be handled. 
    /// </remarks> 
    public void NotifySomethingReady() 
    { 
     this.synchronizer.BeginInvoke(new Action(OnSomethingReady)); 
    } 
} 

其不依賴於的WinForms上述的清潔器的變體是使用SynchronizationContext。在主線程上調用SynchronizationContext.Current,然後將該引用傳遞給下面顯示的類的構造函數。

public class SomethingReadyNotifier 
{ 
    private readonly SynchronizationContext synchronizationContext; 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Create a new <see cref="SomethingReadyNotifier"/> instance. 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <param name="synchronizationContext"> 
    /// The synchronization context that will be used to raise 
    /// <see cref="SomethingReady"/> events. 
    /// </param> 
    public SomethingReadyNotifier(SynchronizationContext synchronizationContext) 
    { 
     this.synchronizationContext = synchronizationContext; 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Event raised when something is ready. The event is always raised 
    /// by posting on the synchronization context provided to the constructor. 
    /// </summary> 
    public event EventHandler SomethingReady; 

    private void OnSomethingReady() 
    { 
     SomethingReady?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty); 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Causes the SomethingReady event to be raised. 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <remarks> 
    /// Can safely be called from any thread. Always returns immediately without 
    /// waiting for the event to be handled. 
    /// </remarks> 
    public void NotifySomethingReady() 
    { 
     this.synchronizationContext.Post(
       state => OnSomethingReady(), 
       state: null); 
     } 
    } 
+0

如圖所示,OnSomethingReady()方法中存在競爭條件。在檢查null之後但在引發事件之前,可能會將SomethingReady事件設置爲null。爲了避免這種情況,請按照這裏的建議:http://blogs.msdn。com/brada/archive/2005/01/14/353132.aspx – 2009-09-30 14:46:56

+1

@wcoenen,原諒我,但我繼續解決問題。 – 2009-09-30 14:54:28

18

PostMessage(以及同樣SendMessage)是Win32 API函數,因此不直接與.NET關聯。但是.NET使用P/Invoke調用可以很好地支持與Win32 API的交互。

因爲看起來你是做Win32編程.NET的新手,所以this MSDN Magazine article提供了一個關於該主題的可靠介紹。

The excellent pinvoke.net website詳細介紹瞭如何使用C#/ VB.NET中的許多API函數。 See this pagePostMessage具體。

標準的聲明如下:

[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)] 
static extern bool PostMessage(HandleRef hWnd, uint Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam); 

但是作爲頁面顯示,這是明智的包裝這個功能,妥善處理的Win32錯誤:

void PostMessageSafe(HandleRef hWnd, uint msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) 
{ 
    bool returnValue = PostMessage(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam); 
    if(!returnValue) 
    { 
     // An error occured 
     throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()); 
    } 
}   
+0

我不一定要使用PostMessage。沒有簡單的.Net方式來做我想做的事情? – 2009-09-30 13:11:15

+0

簡短回答:No. – 2009-09-30 13:12:25

+0

邁克是對的。您正在使用Windows消息循環,它基於Win32 API,因此需要P/Invoke。 – Noldorin 2009-09-30 13:14:47

4

你真正想要發佈一條消息到消息循環,或者你只是想更新窗體中的某個控件,顯示一個消息框等?如果是前者,則參考@諾多林的迴應。如果是後者,那麼您需要使用Control.Invoke()方法來將您的「閱讀」線程的調用編組到主UI線程。這是因爲控件只能通過它們創建的線程來更新。

這是.NET中非常標準的東西。請參閱這些MSDN文章,以獲得基本知識:

一旦你瞭解如何做到這一點,請參閱Peter Duniho's blog如何提高在規範技術上。