不正確，但在路由表中工作的src字段

我的路由表在我的樹莓派運行拱linux上有一個奇怪的問題。不正確，但在路由表中工作的src字段

[email protected] etc]$ uname -a 
Linux pi 3.6.11-2-ARCH+ #1 PREEMPT Mon Dec 31 23:00:25 UTC 2012 armv6l GNU/Linux

我有一個靜態IP地址的pi設置。使用netcfg和網絡自動有線服務。

我也使用nmbd服務作爲samba的一部分，允許我通過主機名ping設備奇怪的是，我分配設備的靜態ip不是我從我通信時收到回覆的ip由主機名。

望着路由表似乎暗示問題：

[[email protected] ~]$ ip route show 
default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 
default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 metric 204 
192.168.0.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 
192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.20 metric 204 
[[email protected] ~]$

我的接口設置：

[[email protected] ~]$ ifconfig -a 
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 
     inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 
     inet6 fe80::ba27:ebff:fec9:1caf prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> 
     ether b8:27:eb:c9:1c:af txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) 
     RX packets 1127 bytes 93818 (91.6 KiB) 
     RX errors 0 dropped 3 overruns 0 frame 0 
     TX packets 684 bytes 76203 (74.4 KiB) 
     TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 

ifb0: flags=130<BROADCAST,NOARP> mtu 1500 
     ether e2:bb:30:e7:d0:8a txqueuelen 32 (Ethernet) 
     RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) 
     RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 
     TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) 
     TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 

ifb1: flags=130<BROADCAST,NOARP> mtu 1500 
     ether 8a:e3:26:d4:38:b8 txqueuelen 32 (Ethernet) 
     RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) 
     RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 
     TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) 
     TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 16436 
     inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 
     inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> 
     loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback) 
     RX packets 20 bytes 1890 (1.8 KiB) 
     RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 
     TX packets 20 bytes 1890 (1.8 KiB) 
     TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

從網絡上的另一臺電腦我已經驗證這兩個IP地址是指在同一界面（他們有相同的物理地址）。通信工作的

例子：

[2013-01-22 00:37.47] ~ 
[GKuhn.GKUHN-L01] ? ping pi 

Pinging pi [192.168.1.20] with 32 bytes of data: 
Reply from 192.168.1.20: bytes=32 time=36ms TTL=64 
Reply from 192.168.1.20: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=64 
Reply from 192.168.1.20: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=64 
Reply from 192.168.1.20: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=64 

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.20: 
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), 
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: 
    Minimum = 2ms, Maximum = 36ms, Average = 12ms 

[2013-01-22 00:37.54] ~ 
[GKuhn.GKUHN-L01] ? ping 192.168.1.3 

Pinging 192.168.1.3 with 32 bytes of data: 
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=64 
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=64 
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=64 
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=26ms TTL=64 

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.3: 
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), 
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: 
    Minimum = 2ms, Maximum = 26ms, Average = 8ms

現在，就像我說的這個設置是仍在工作。但我很困惑，想知道 a）這實際上是如何工作的 b）如何修復它

P.S.看着我的日誌（以下來自「everything.log」），我看到一些更多的參考裝有dhcpcd

Jan 1 01:00:09 pi dhcpcd[108]: eth0: rebinding lease of 192.168.1.20 
Jan 1 01:00:10 pi dhcpcd[108]: eth0: acknowledged 192.168.1.20 from 192.168.1.1 
Jan 1 01:00:10 pi dhcpcd[108]: eth0: checking for 192.168.1.20 
Jan 1 01:00:14 pi dhcpcd[108]: eth0: leased 192.168.1.20 for 3600 seconds

但是我對這個過程中沒有自定義配置。任何建議我應該在哪裏尋找調試這將不勝感激。

一些細節：樹莓爲連接到wifi的EDIMAX USB加密狗，所以我已經將它設置在考慮這個接口也是如此。我一直在使用拱門Wireless Setup作爲指導。

我安裝了wireless_tools，dhcpcd（如果它已經不是我不記得了）和netcfg。我也裝淨自動有線和淨自動無線，希望的連接將只是工作具體取決於在被插入

下面是相關的配置文件：

[[email protected] multi-user.target.wants]$ pwd 
/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants 
[[email protected] multi-user.target.wants]$ ls 
cronie.service   openntpd.service sshdgenkeys.service 
[email protected]  remote-fs.target syslog-ng.service 
net-auto-wired.service smbd.service 
nmbd.service   sshd.service 
[[email protected] multi-user.target.wants]$

的dhcpcd @ eth0.service：

[[email protected] multi-user.target.wants]$ cat dhcpcd\@eth0.service 
[Unit] 
Description=dhcpcd on %I 
Wants=network.target 
Before=network.target 
BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device 
After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device 

[Service] 
Type=forking 
PIDFile=/run/dhcpcd-%I.pid 
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/dhcpcd -q -w %I 
ExecStop=/usr/sbin/dhcpcd -x %I 

[Install] 
Alias=multi-user.target.wants/[email protected]

淨自動wired.service：

[[email protected] multi-user.target.wants]$ cat net-auto-wired.service 
[Unit] 
Description=Provides automatic netcfg wired connection 

[Service] 
EnvironmentFile=/etc/conf.d/netcfg 
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ifplugd -i $WIRED_INTERFACE -r /etc/ifplugd/netcfg.action -fIns 
ExecStop=/usr/bin/netcfg iface-down $WIRED_INTERFACE 

[Install] 
WantedBy=multi-user.target 
[[email protected] multi-user.target.wants]$ 

[[email protected] network.d]$ pwd 
/etc/network.d 
[[email protected] network.d]$ ls 
ethernet-static examples interfaces wlan0-xxx 
[[email protected] network.d]$ cat wlan0-xxx 
CONNECTION='wireless' 
DESCRIPTION='Automatically generated profile by wifi-menu' 
INTERFACE='wlan0' 
SECURITY='wpa' 
ESSID=xxx 
IP='dhcp' 
KEY=xxx 
[[email protected] network.d]$ cat ethernet-static 
CONNECTION='ethernet' 
DESCRIPTION='A basic static ethernet connection using iproute' 
INTERFACE='eth0' 
IP='static' 
ADDR='192.168.1.3' 
ROUTES=('192.168.0.0/24 via 192.168.1.1') 
GATEWAY='192.168.1.1' 
DNS=('192.168.1.1') 

## For IPv6 autoconfiguration 
#IP6=stateless 

## For IPv6 static address configuration 
#IP6='static' 
#ADDR6=('1234:5678:9abc:def::1/64' '1234:3456::123/96') 
#ROUTES6=('abcd::1234') 
#GATEWAY6='1234:0:123::abcd' 
[[email protected] network.d]$ 

[[email protected] log]$ cat /etc/dhcpcd.conf 
# A sample configuration for dhcpcd. 
# See dhcpcd.conf(5) for details. 

# Inform the DHCP server of our hostname for DDNS. 
hostname 
# To share the DHCP lease across OSX and Windows a ClientID is needed. 
# Enabling this may get a different lease than the kernel DHCP client. 
# Some upstream DHCP servers may also require a ClientID, such as FRITZ!Box. 
#clientid 

# A list of options to request from the DHCP server. 
option domain_name_servers, domain_name, domain_search, host_name 
option classless_static_routes 
# Most distributions have NTP support. 
option ntp_servers 
# Respect the network MTU. 
option interface_mtu 
# A ServerID is required by RFC2131. 
require dhcp_server_identifier 

# A hook script is provided to lookup the hostname if not set by the DHCP 
# server, but it should not be run by default. 
nohook lookup-hostname 
noipv4ll 

#static dns lookup address 
#nohook resolv.conf 
[[email protected] log]$

如果T這裏是我省略的任何內容，請讓我知道，我會發布它。

通過systemctl報道服務內容摘要：

[[email protected] ~]$ systemctl > services 
[[email protected] ~]$ cat services 
UNIT      LOAD ACTIVE SUB  DESCRIPTION 
proc-sys...t_misc.automount loaded active running Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point 
sys-devi...y-ttyAMA0.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/dev:f1/tty/ttyAMA0 
sys-devi...-net-eth0.device loaded active plugged ec00 
sys-devi...mmcblk0p1.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platform/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:e624/block/mmcblk0/mmcblk0p1 
sys-devi...mmcblk0p2.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platform/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:e624/block/mmcblk0/mmcblk0p2 
sys-devi...k-mmcblk0.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platform/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:e624/block/mmcblk0 
sys-devi...-net-ifb0.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/net/ifb0 
sys-devi...-net-ifb1.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/net/ifb1 
sys-devi...ttyprintk.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/tty/ttyprintk 
sys-module-configfs.device loaded active plugged /sys/module/configfs 
sys-subs...ices-eth0.device loaded active plugged ec00 
sys-subs...ices-ifb0.device loaded active plugged /sys/subsystem/net/devices/ifb0 
sys-subs...ices-ifb1.device loaded active plugged /sys/subsystem/net/devices/ifb1 
-.mount      loaded active mounted /
boot.mount     loaded active mounted /boot 
dev-mqueue.mount   loaded active mounted POSIX Message Queue File System 
proc-sys...infmt_misc.mount loaded active mounted Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System 
sys-kernel-config.mount  loaded active mounted Configuration File System 
sys-kernel-debug.mount  loaded active mounted Debug File System 
tmp.mount     loaded active mounted Temporary Directory 
systemd-...ord-console.path loaded active waiting Dispatch Password Requests to Console Directory Watch 
systemd-...ssword-wall.path loaded active waiting Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch 
crond.service    loaded failed failed LEGACY unit for "crond" rc script 
cronie.service    loaded active running Periodic Command Scheduler 
dbus.service    loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus 
[email protected]   loaded active running dhcpcd on eth0 
[email protected]   loaded active running Getty on tty1 
hwclock.service    loaded active exited LEGACY unit for "hwclock" rc script 
net-auto-wired.service  loaded active running Provides automatic netcfg wired connection 
network.service    loaded active exited LEGACY unit for "network" rc script 
nmbd.service    loaded active running Samba NetBIOS name server 
openntpd.service   loaded active running OpenNTP Daemon 
rc-local.service   loaded active exited /etc/rc.local Compatibility 
smbd.service    loaded active running Samba SMB/CIFS server 
sshd.service    loaded active running OpenSSH Daemon 
syslog-ng.service   loaded active running System Logger Daemon 
systemd-journald.service loaded active running Journal Service 
systemd-logind.service  loaded active running Login Service 
systemd-remount-fs.service loaded active exited Remount Root and Kernel File Systems 
systemd-sysctl.service  loaded active exited Apply Kernel Variables 
systemd-...es-setup.service loaded active exited Recreate Volatile Files and Directories 
systemd-...-trigger.service loaded active exited udev Coldplug all Devices 
systemd-udevd.service  loaded active running udev Kernel Device Manager 
systemd-...sessions.service loaded active exited Permit User Sessions 
systemd-...le-setup.service loaded active exited Setup Virtual Console 
dbus.socket     loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus Socket 
syslog.socket    loaded active running Syslog Socket 
systemd-initctl.socket  loaded active listening /dev/initctl Compatibility Named Pipe 
systemd-journald.socket  loaded active running Journal Socket 
systemd-shutdownd.socket loaded active listening Delayed Shutdown Socket 
systemd-...d-control.socket loaded active listening udev Control Socket 
systemd-udevd-kernel.socket loaded active running udev Kernel Socket 
arch-daemons.target   loaded active active Arch Daemons 
basic.target    loaded active active Basic System 
cryptsetup.target   loaded active active Encrypted Volumes 
getty.target    loaded active active Login Prompts 
graphical.target   loaded active active Graphical Interface 
local-fs-pre.target   loaded active active Local File Systems (Pre) 
local-fs.target    loaded active active Local File Systems 
multi-user.target   loaded active active Multi-User 
network.target    loaded active active Network 
remote-fs.target   loaded active active Remote File Systems 
sockets.target    loaded active active Sockets 
swap.target     loaded active active Swap 
sysinit.target    loaded active active System Initialization 
syslog.target    loaded active active Syslog 
systemd-...iles-clean.timer loaded active waiting Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories 

LOAD = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded. 
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB. 
SUB = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type. 

67 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too. 
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'. 
[[email protected] ~]$

有趣的是我試圖禁用的dhcpcd服務爲馬丁評價和確認，這是殘疾人和重新啓動後，下面的建議，我看不出有什麼變化，以及查驗覆盆子顯示出192.168.1.3的不同，但是ip route show產生了相同的結果。然後我嘗試禁用net-auto-wired服務。我重新啓動了覆盆子，然後我認爲我已經失去了訪問設備的權限（通過ssh無法訪問），因爲我沒有重新啓用dhcpcd服務。有趣的是我沒有和我的IP地址現在是192.168.1.20。

的dhcpcd服務目前尚未運行：

[[email protected] log]$ systemctl | grep -i dhcp 
[[email protected] log]$

因此這告訴我，必須有一些其他的DHCP機制，我還沒有意識到的。在systemctl

尋找和grepping爲eth0：

[[email protected] log]$ systemctl -a --full | grep -i eth 
sys-devices-platform-bcm2708_usb-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.1-1\x2d1.1:1.0-net-eth0.device loaded active plugged ec00 
sys-subsystem-net-devices-eth0.device            loaded active plugged ec00 
LOAD = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded. 
[[email protected] log]$

我不知道，只是還沒有什麼上述2個服務，但能將它們相關的問題？

來源

2013-01-22 Gregory Kuhn

是否有'dhcpcd @'服務運行的機會？運行'systemctl | grep dhcpcd'來查看它是否處於活動狀態。 –

嗨馬丁，謝謝你的回覆。是的，它是eth0.service的一部分，我認爲：'[greg @ pi network.d] $ systemctl | grep dhcpcd [email protected]加載主動運行dhcpcd在eth0'但是我也看到：'[greg @ pi network.d] $ systemctl status dhcpcd dhcpcd.service - 所有接口上的dhcpcd 加載：加載（/ usr /lib/systemd/system/dhcpcd.service; disabled） Active：inactive（dead） CGroup：name = systemd：/system/dhcpcd.service ' –

很難預測問題是什麼，但顯然是無意的走樣。如果你可以一步一步解釋，你爲配置網絡所做的每一個動作。您複製，創建，修改了哪些文件，啓用了哪些服務，運行了哪些命令等等。它可以幫助我們解決問題。 –

答案

a）如何，這是實際工作

是IP address aliasing。從拱維基：

IP別名是添加多個IP地址的網絡接口的過程。由此，網絡上的一個節點可以有多個到網絡的連接，每個節點服務於不同的目的。

現在回答

二）如何解決它

192.168.1.3似乎TE是要使用，你希望它是靜態的IP，這意味着192.168.1.20是由dhcpcd獲得的IP，它也是根據您的/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants文件夾的內容啓動的服務。所以通過禁用這項服務，問題應該消失。您可以運行（如根）

systemctl disable [email protected]

或

rm /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/[email protected]

現在，如果你想使用的USB加密狗，我建議你放棄net-auto-wired（以類似的方式移除該服務）和使用wicd或networkmanager相反，兩者都可以配置爲使用靜態IP，並且在第一個不存在時默認爲其他接口。而且他們更容易設置。

最後，簡單地使用dhcp獲取接口的IP並將路由器或調制解調器配置爲根據MAC地址分配固定IP並不錯。

來源

2013-01-27 23:02:21

您好馬丁，感謝您的詳細回覆，它肯定讓我更接近問題的根源。這開始變得更有意義。不幸的是，我必須使用由ISP提供的路由器，它的界面和設置有點蹩腳，這就是爲什麼我想在樹莓端做到這一點。請參閱更新的問題描述。 –

我沒有看到* network.service LEGACY單元的「network」rc腳本*，那麼如何禁用那個，並重新啓用網絡自動連線。 –

Bingo - 解決問題的方法是編輯/etc/rc.conf，並根據您的建議從守護程序列表中刪除_network_。根據我的理解，正確安裝systemd不應該需要rc initscript系統，但我目前猶豫不決。但是，我瞭解它！感謝百萬人的幫助。 –

不正確，但在路由表中工作的src字段

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