Python多功能範圍

Question

我對python非常陌生，並且一直在閱讀python scoping，但是我很努力地使用前一個函數的值，例如在這種情況下，我如何獲得在第二個函數中使用的隨機生成的主客場目標？請記住，我只是剛剛開始學習python，所以我的代碼不會是最好的嘗試。任何幫助將不勝感激，因爲我找不到與我的情況有關的任何線索，謝謝。

class One(): 

    def Team(home_goals,away_goals): 

     home_goals =() 
     away_goals =()   

     home_goals = round(random.uniform(0,10.0) 

     return home_goals 

     away_goals = round(random.uniform(0.1,10.0) 

     return away_goals 



    def winner(home_goals,away_goals): 

     if home_goals > away_goals 
       winner = ("home") 

     elif home_goals == away goals 
       winner = ("draw") 

     else: 
       winner = ("away") 

     print(winner) 

     return winner 

Answer 1

只是通過第一功能到第二函數的結果：

def score(): 
    home_goals = 2 
    away_goals = 3 
    return home_goals, away_goals 

def winner(home, away): 
    # stuff ... 
    pass 

home, away = score() 
winning_team = winner(home, away) 

Answer 2

如果你只是尋找直線上升的功能，畢波多黎各有正確的答案。但是，您提到了範圍設定，並且您的代碼看起來像試圖成爲一個班級。所以讓我們建立一個適當的課堂。

在類中函數被稱爲方法。這是一種說法「的一個奇特的方式對這些功能範圍是在類‘一’

import random 

class One(object): 
    home_goals =() 
    away_goals =() 

    def playGame(self): 
     self.home_goals = round(random.uniform(0,10.0)) 
     self.away_goals = round(random.uniform(0.1,10.0)) 
     return self.home_goals, self.away_goals 


    def determineWinner(self): 
     if not self.home_goals or not self.away_goals: 
      print("Teams must play game first!") 
      return None 
     if self.home_goals > self.away_goals: 
      winner = ("home") 
     elif self.home_goals == self.away_goals: 
      winner = ("draw") 
     else: 
      winner = ("away") 
     print(winner) 
     return winner 

## usage 
one_obj = One() #create instance of One() 
home, away = one_obj.playGame() 
game1 = one_obj.determineWinner() 

one_obj.playGame() #play a new game 
game2 = one_obj.determineWinner() 

類有一個叫做‘自我’特殊的變量，它是這樣的對象one_obj股份變量home_goals和away_goals兩種方法之間。

如果我們不使用自己，我們需要輸出從一個方法保存，並將它們傳遞到另一個。

你可以用一個裝飾做這個叫@staticmethod

import random 
# still using a class but without self 

class Two(object): 
    @staticmethod 
    def playGame(): 
     home_goals = round(random.uniform(0, 10.0)) 
     away_goals = round(random.uniform(0.1, 10.0)) 
     return home_goals, away_goals 

    @staticmethod 
    def determineWinner(home_goals, away_goals): 
     if not home_goals or not away_goals: 
      print("Teams must play game first!") 
      return None 
     if home_goals > away_goals: 
      winner = ("home") 
     elif home_goals == away_goals: 
      winner = ("draw") 
     else: 
      winner = ("away") 
     print(winner) 
     return winner 

two_obj = Two() 

home, away = two_obj.playGame() 
game1 = two_obj.determineWinner(home, away) 

一個類的點基本上被忽略，只是一個對象來保存兩個函數。但在你的問題中，你必須引用實例two_obj以調用這些方法。

在Bi Rico的例子中，函數在GLOBAL範圍內。在上面的例子中，方法（也就是類中的函數）在類的範圍內。

有可能引用靜態方法沒有實例化類Two()：

home, away = Two.playGame() 
game1 = Two.determineWinner(home, away)