2016-03-13 22 views
7

我正在閱讀Bjarne Stroustrup的「The C++ Programming Language」第4版。在本書的第一部分,我發現using的使用看起來像以下:如何使用模板在C++中使用`(使參數化別名)進行別名?

// Error is in these 2 lines 
template<typename T> 
using Iterator<T> = typename T::iterator; 

*參見[**]爲完整的程序和錯誤消息*

這正是我在105頁面發現當我把這個變成一個完整的程序,並試圖編譯它,g++給了我這個錯誤masseage:

> g++ -std=c++14 -o fnd find_all.cpp 
find_all.cpp:13:15: error: expected '=' before '<' token 
using Iterator<T> = typename T::iterator; 
     ^
find_all.cpp:13:15: error: expected type-specifier before '<' token 

我不能鰭d在這段代碼中的任何問題,(我是新的C++,我無法找到我的小知識問題)(更多容易混淆的,我發現這個上了Bjarne的書)

有人能告訴我爲什麼該代碼是否會產生錯誤?

注意:但是,如果我用typename C::iterator替換Iterator<C>(見下文),它工作正常,沒有錯誤!

[**]完整的計劃和錯誤消息:

// Error is in these 2 lines 
template<typename T> 
using Iterator<T> = typename T::iterator; 
// ------------------------------------------- 

// For the completeness I'll include my complete program here 
template<typename C, typename V> 
vector<Iterator<C>> find_all(C& c, V v) // find all occurrences of v in c 
{ 
    vector<Iterator<C>> res; 
    for (auto p = c.begin(); p!=c.end(); ++p) 
     if (∗p==v) 
      res.push_back(p); 
    return res; 
} 

void test() 
{ 
    string m {"Mary had a little lamb"}; 
    for (auto p : find_all(m, 'a')) 
     if (*p == 'a') 
      cerr << "string bug!\n"; 

    list<double> ld { 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 1.1, 1.1 }; 
    for (auto p : find_all(ld, 1.1)) 
     if (*p == 1.1) 
      cerr << "list bug!\n"; 

    vector<string> strv { "blue", "yellow", "red", "white", "orange", "blue" }; 
    for (auto p : find_all(strv, "blue")) 
     if (*p == "blue") 
      cerr << "string vector bug!\n"; 

} 

int main(void) 
{ 
    test(); 

    return 0; 
} 

錯誤消息:

> g++ -std=c++14 -o fnd find_all.cpp 
find_all.cpp:13:15: error: expected '=' before '<' token 
using Iterator<T> = typename T::iterator; 
     ^
find_all.cpp:13:15: error: expected type-specifier before '<' token 
find_all.cpp:16:8: error: 'Iterator' was not declared in this scope 
vector<Iterator<C>> find_all(C& c, V v) 
    ^
find_all.cpp:16:17: error: template argument 1 is invalid 
vector<Iterator<C>> find_all(C& c, V v) 
      ^
find_all.cpp:16:17: error: template argument 2 is invalid 
find_all.cpp:16:18: error: expected unqualified-id before '>' token 
vector<Iterator<C>> find_all(C& c, V v) 
      ^
find_all.cpp: In function 'void test()': 
find_all.cpp:30:31: error: 'find_all' was not declared in this scope 
    for (auto p : find_all(m, 'a')) 
         ^
find_all.cpp:35:32: error: 'find_all' was not declared in this scope 
    for (auto p : find_all(ld, 1.1)) 
          ^
find_all.cpp:40:37: error: 'find_all' was not declared in this scope 
    for (auto p : find_all(strv, "blue")) 

回答

12

首先<T>必須省略

template<typename T> 
using Iterator = typename T::iterator; 
+1

非常感謝你,現在工作得很好。這本書似乎是一個錯字,謝謝 – 0xEDD1E

6

當你定義一個類模板或功能模板,你SE:

template <typename T> struct Foo { }; 

template <typename T> T bar() { return T{}; } 

你不Foo<T>bar<T>定義模板時使用。

同樣,使用模板時,定義一個別名,你需要使用:

template <typename T> 
using Iterator = typename T::iterator; 
      ^^ Don't include <T>