列表不復制（空）

Question

我有以下代碼：

import sys 
import os.path 
import ConfigParser 
import copy 
import time 
import colorama 
from colorama import init 
from colorama import Fore, Back, Style 
init() 

#init variables 
discoveredelements = [] 
discoveredgroups = [] 
combo = [] 
savefile = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() 
os.chdir(os.getcwd()) 

#init other stuff 
class style: 
    BOLD = '\033[1m' 
    END = '\033[0m' 

def combos(): 
    #all combos 
    combo.append(('Air', 'Air', 'Wind')) 
    combo.append(('Earth', 'Earth', 'Pressure')) 
    combo.append(('Fire', 'Fire', 'Explosion')) 
    combo.append(('Water', 'Water', 'Sea')) 
    combo.append(('Air', 'Earth', 'Dust')) 
    combo.append(('Air', 'Fire', 'Energy')) 
    combo.append(('Air', 'Water', 'Steam')) 
    combo.append(('Earth', 'Fire', 'Lava')) 
    combo.append(('Earth', 'Water', 'Swamp')) 
    combo.append(('Fire', 'Water', 'Alcohol')) 

def mainmenu(): 
    print(style.BOLD + "ALCHEMY" + style.END) 
    print(style.BOLD + "Load Game" + style.END) 
    print(style.BOLD + "New Game" + style.END) 
    print(style.BOLD + "Exit" + style.END) 
    print("Type \"load\" or \"new\" or \"exit\" ") 
    mainmenuinput = raw_input() 
    if mainmenuinput == "exit": 
     sys.exit() 
    elif mainmenuinput == "load": 
     if os.path.exists('save.ini'): 
      savefile.read('save.ini') 
      discoveredelements = savefile.get('Elements','discoveredelements') 
      print("Game Loaded") 
      rungame() 
     else: 
      print("Save file not found, check file directory or start a new game.") 
      mainmenu() 
    elif mainmenuinput == "new": 
     if os.path.exists("save.ini"): 
      print("Current save file will be overwritten. Proceed?") 
      print("Y or N") 
      overwriteinput = raw_input() 
      if overwriteinput == "Y": 
       newgame() 
       rungame() 
      elif overwriteinput == "N": 
       mainmenu() 
     else: 
      newgame() 
      rungame() 


def newgame(): 
    save = open('save.ini','w') 
    #reset data 
    savefile.add_section('Elements') 
    savefile.add_section('Groups') 
    savefile.set('Elements','discoveredelements',"") 
    savefile.set('Groups','discoveredgroups',"") 
    #adds the default elements 
    discoveredelements.append("Air") 
    discoveredelements.append("Earth") 
    discoveredelements.append("Fire") 
    discoveredelements.append("Water") 
    savefile.set('Elements','discoveredelements',discoveredelements) 
    discoveredgroups.append("Air") 
    discoveredgroups.append("Earth") 
    discoveredgroups.append("Fire") 
    discoveredgroups.append("Water") 
    savefile.set('Groups','discoveredgroups',discoveredgroups) 
    savefile.write(save) 
    save.close() 
    print("Game Loaded") 

def gameloop(): 
    #actual gameplay 
    print("Type two elements (seperately) or \"list\" or \"hint\" or \"save\" or \"exit\"") 
    gameinput = raw_input() 
    if gameinput == "list": 
     displayelements = copy.copy(discoveredelements) 
     print(','.join(map(str, displayelements))) 
     gameloop() 
    elif gameinput == "hint": 
     if (time.time() - timerstart) >= 10: 
      print('hint') 
      timerstart = time.time() 
      gameloop() 
     else: 
      print("Hint is still on cooldown") 
      gameloop() 
    elif gameinput == "save": 
     savefile.set('Elements','discoveredelements',discoveredelements) 
     savefile.set('Groups','discoveredgroups',discoveredgroups) 
     print("Game saved") 
    elif gameinput == "exit": 
     savefile.read('save.ini') 
     savelist = savefile.get('Elements','discoveredelements') 
     if len(savelist) < len(discoveredelements): 
      print("Game not saved! Do you wish to exit without saving?") 
      print("Y or N") 
      overwriteinput = raw_input() 
      if overwriteinput == "Y": 
       mainmenu() 
      else: 
       gameloop() 
    else: 
     elementA = gameinput 
     elementB = raw_input() 
     if (elementA in discoveredelements) and (elementB in discoveredelements): 
       i = 0 
       created = 0 
       while True: 
        if (combo[i][0] == elementA and combo[i][1] == elementB) or (combo[i][1] == elementA and combo[i][0] == elementB): 
         print("You created " + combo[i][2]) 
         discoveredelements.append(combo[i][2]) 
         created = 1 
         break 
        i += 1 
        if i == len(combo): 
         break 
       if created == 0: 
        print("No elements created") 
        gameloop() 
     else: 
      print("Error, using non-existent or not yet discovered elements") 
      gameloop() 

def rungame(): 
    #initializing game 
    timerstart = time.time() 
    displayelements = copy.copy(discoveredelements) 
    print(','.join(map(str, displayelements))) 
    gameloop() 

#game starts here 
print(Style.RESET_ALL) 
combos() 
mainmenu() 

當I型「負載」到控制檯中，沒有爲displayelements輸出。所以，我想看看如果列表中沒有任何內容（如果copy.copy（）工作或不）做印刷（displayelements），並將其印刷[] 然後我檢查是否discoveredelements包含任何東西，做的： ['空氣」， '地球'， '火'， '水'] 爲什麼不是copy.copy（）工作？

編輯： 我宣佈discoveredelements全球：

global discoveredelements 
discoveredelements = [] 

的複製仍然不能正常工作，displayelements仍然是一個空列表。

Answer 1

要分配給功能的全局變量，你必須聲明是全球：

discoveredelements = [] 
def func(): 
    # a new var is created in the scope of this function 
    discoveredelements = [1,2,3,4] 
func() 
print (discoveredelements) 



discoveredelements = [] 
def func(): 
    # declare as global 
    global discoveredelements 
    # assign to the global var 
    discoveredelements = [1,2,3,4] 
func() 
print (discoveredelements)