找到的代碼的某一塊文本

Question

我有下面的代碼至今：

import sys 
from Tkinter import * 
import tkFileDialog 
from tkFileDialog import askopenfile # Open dialog box 


fen1 = Tk()        # Create window 
fen1.title("Optimisation")    # Window title 

menu1 = Menu(fen1) 

def open(): 
    filename = askopenfile(filetypes=[("Text files","*.txt")], mode='r') 

filename.seek(0) 
    numligne = 0 
    line  = [] 
    ok  = 0 
    k  = -1 

    while (ok == 0) & (k == -1): 
    line = filename.readline() 
    k = line.find("*load") 
    if k == 0 : 
     l = filename.readlines() 

fen1.mainloop() 

的文本文件，我正在尋找的格式爲類似於下面：

*test 
1 2 3 4 

*load 
2 7 200 
3 7 150 

*stiffness 
2 9 8 7 

etc.. 

我已經到目前爲止設法找到以「* load」開頭的行，但我希望將'* load'和'* stiffness'之間的值賦予變量，如a，b，c。我的問題是，在這個負載部​​分，可能有幾行，我需要每次檢測每一行，將行中的值分開並給它們起一個名字。如果有人可以請幫忙解釋一個循環或類似的東西，只會做這個伎倆，我會非常感激！謝謝！

更新：我有問題，現在我想在同一文本文件中找到幾個單獨的部分。我如何創建一個循環來進一步找到'* geo'和'* house'之間的連線，還有'* name'和'* surname'？我試圖創建一個完全獨立的定義，但想盡量減少我使用的代碼行......謝謝！代碼我一直在使用類似的結構（爲我的原始問題提供，感謝mgilson！），因此想要編輯這些類型的代碼。

def parse_file(ff):  
    out=[]  
    append=False  
    for line in ff:   
     if(append and line.strip()): 
      out.append(line)   
      if(line.startswith('*load')): 
       append=True 
      elif(line.startswith('*stiffness')): 
       return [map(int,x.split()) for x in out[:-1] ] 

Answer 1

讓我們假設你的「代碼塊」由標題分隔（例如*header）。在每個塊中存儲數據的最直觀的方式是列表列表。例如[ row1, row2, ...]（其中row1=[elem1,elem2,elem3,...]）。然後，您可以將該塊存儲在字典中，以便通過block=dictionary['headername']訪問該塊。

這將做類似你想要的東西（這個版本未經測試）。

import sys 

def convert_type(ss): 
    try: 
     return int(ss) 
    except ValueError: 
     try: 
      return float(ss) 
     except ValueError: 
      return ss 

def parse_file(ff): 
    out={} 
    block=None 
    for i,line in enumerate(ff): 
     #Allow for comments to start with '#'. We break off anything after a '#' 
     #and ignore it. After that, we 
     data=line.split('#',1) 
     line=data[0] #comments (if in line) are in data[1] ... ignore those. 
     line=line.strip() #remove whitespace from front and back of line. 
     if(line.startswith('*')): 
      #python supports multiple assignment. 
      #e.g. out['header'] is the same object as block. 
      #  changing block also changes out['header'] 
      block=out[line.strip()[1:]]=[] 
     elif (block is not None) and line: #checks to make sure there is an active block and the line wasn't empty. 
      #If the file could also have floats, you should use float instead of int 
      #We also put the parsing in a try/except block. If parsing fails (e.g. a 
      #element can't be converted to a float, you'll know it and you'll know the 
      #line which caused the problem.) 
      try: 
       #block.append(map(int,line.split())) 
       block.append(map(convert_type,line.split())) 
      except Exception: 
       sys.stderr.write("Parsing datafile choked on line %d '%s'\n"%(i+1,line.rstrip())) 
       raise 
    return out 

with open('textfile.txt','r') as f: 
    data_dict=parse_file(f) 

#get information from '*load' block: 
info=data_dict['load'] 
for row in info: 
    a,b,c=row 
    ##same as: 
    #a=row[0] 
    #b=row[1] 
    #c=row[2] 
    ##as long as row only has 3 elements. 

    #Do something with that particular row. 
    #(each row in the 'load' block will be visited once in this loop) 

#get info from stiffness block: 
info=data_dict['stiffness'] 
for row in info: 
    pass #Do something with this particular row. 

需要注意的是，如果你保證在數據文件中的每一行一定標題下具有相同數量的條目，你能想到的變量info爲2維的行被索引爲element=info[row_number][column_number]的 - - 但你也可以通過row=info[row_number]

Answer 2

雖然我不能幫助你的語法，但最好使用自調試。

編寫一個函數來檢測你需要的行並存儲字節偏移量。 接下來，使該函數自己調用以查找下一行（結束操作），並存儲其偏移量並將其與以前保存的值進行比較。

現在您有足夠的數據來確定哪些字節需要更改。

但是，自我調用函數在使用時非常有效，它們加快了性能並且易於重用。

在php中，我建立了一個類似於.net的streamwriter，它以這種方式工作。 因此，我知道理論的作品，但是，這似乎是python。

不幸的是，我對這種語言不夠了解。雖然你的項目祝你好運！

Answer 3

這樣的事情應該做

data=[] 
check=false 
for i in fid: 
    if line.find("*load"): 
     check=true 
    if check==true and not line.find("*stiffness"): 
     line=split(i) 
     data.append(map(lambda x: float(x), line)) 
    if line.find("*stiffness"): 
     break 

fid.close() 
for i in data: 
    a=i[0] 
    b=i[1] 
    c=i[2] 

以此爲代碼粗糙的建議......（我想現在的例外是固定的，那麼，如果不是我不在乎......）

Answer 4

也許這樣的事情讓整個行：

line = filename.readline() 
if line.find("*load") == 0: 
    line = filename.readline() 
    while line != "\n" and line != "": 
     vars = line.split(" ") 

vars僅僅是一個例子來存儲值這將是這個代碼運行後3210（所以你需要將它們轉換爲浮動或整數）。然後，您可以將這些附加到數組或根據需要重命名它們。

編輯：從上面得出的工作程序。

filename = open("fff.txt", 'r') 
values = {} 

line = filename.readline() 
while line: 
    while line.find("*") != 0: 
     line = filename.readline() 

    sectionheader = line.strip()[1:] 
    values[sectionheader] = [] 
    line = filename.readline() 
    while line != "\n" and line != "": 
     vals = [float(i) for i in line.split(" ")] 
     values[sectionheader].append(vals) 
     line = filename.readline() 

print values 

Answer 5

這是我做你的代碼：

import sys 
from Tkinter import * 
import tkFileDialog 
from tkFileDialog import askopenfile # Open dialog box 


fen1 = Tk()        # Create window 
fen1.title("Optimisation")    # Window title 

menu1 = Menu(fen1) 

def do_open(interesting_parts=[]): 
    thefile = askopenfile(filetypes=[("Text files","*.txt")], mode='r') 

    data = {} # Create a dictionary to store all the data stored per part name 
    part = None 
    for line in thefile: 
     if line.startswith("*"): 
      # A * in the beginning signals a new "part" 
      # And another one means the end. 
      part = line[1:] # Remove the * in the beginning via slicing to get the name without it. 
      if part in interesting_parts: 
       data[part] = [] # Create a list inside the dictionary, so that you can add data to it later. 
       # Only do this if we are interested in storing anything for this part 
     elif part in interesting_parts: 
      # Add an a condition to check if the part name is in the list of "parts" you are interested in having. 
      line_data = get_something_from_this(part, line) # just a function that returns something based on the line and the part 
      if line_data is not None: # Ignore it if it's None (just an option, as there might be newlines that you want to ignore) 
       data[part].append(line_data) 

    # Here, we return the dictionary to act on it. 
    return data 

def get_something_from_this(part, line): 
    try: 
     ints = [int(p) for p in line.split()] 
    except ValueError: 
     print "Ignoring Line", repr(line), "in", part 
     return None # We don't care about this line! 
    else: 
     print "in", part, ints 
     return ints # Store this line's data 

data = do_open(["test", "egg"]) # Pass as an argument a list of the interesting "parts" 

print data # this is a dictionary 

# How do you access it? 
print data["test"] # to get all the lines' data in a list 
print data["egg"][0] # to get the first line of the data 

for part, datalines in data.iterkeys(): 
    print part, datalines # datalines is the list of all the data, part is the dictionary's key which is the part name 
    # Remember data[part] = ... <- Here part is the key. 

fen1.mainloop() 

1. 時，它不是一個「文件名」，而是一個「文件」不要將其命名變量名。
2. 您可以使用for循環逐行循環。
3. 使用拆分拆分字符串
4. 使用startswith知道，如果一個字符串與另一個字符串開頭的你是否正處在一個變量「*負荷」部分
5. 跟蹤。

UPDATE： 不要使用開放作爲一個函數的名稱，它已經在Python的內置命令。 此外，爲了避免解析*load和*stiffness行，我修改了一下代碼：每行的解析都在elif語句中完成。

更新2：根據OP的需求

更新後的代碼。

*test 
1 2 3 

*load 
2 7 200 
3 7 150 

*stiffness 
2 9 8 

*egg 
1 2 3 
2 4 6 

*plant 
23 45 78 

更新3：這個文件測試的大量註釋:)