如何使用webdriver（Java）在phantomjs上禁用字體消除鋸齒？

Question

我正在嘗試編寫檢查佈局問題的Selenium測試。爲此，我使用Java端的Selenium Webdriver和phantomjs作爲「瀏覽器」。我想使用phantomjs，因爲它可以製作實際渲染組件的屏幕截圖。

默認情況下，phantomjs使用反鋸齒呈現文本，這使得很難掃描文本（以查找文本基線並執行簡單的OCR）。

我該如何告訴phantomJS不要使用抗鋸齒？

Answer 1

我使用了下面的詭計來禁用Linux上的phantomjs反鋸齒。 PhantomJS是使用fontconfig構建的，該庫在多個位置查找文件「fonts.conf」：請參閱https://www.freedesktop.org/software/fontconfig/fontconfig-user.html。

通過創建以下fonts.conf我們可以爲禁用的fontconfig抗鋸齒：

<match target="font"> 
    <edit mode="assign" name="antialias"> 
    <bool>false</bool> 
    </edit> 
</match> 

其中一個位置由環境變量定義，根據規格：$ XDG_CONFIG_HOME/fontconfig的/ fonts.conf 。因此，通過使用上述內容創建一個像/tmp/phantomjs-config/fontconfig/fonts.conf這樣的臨時文件，然後將XDG_CONFIG_HOME設置爲/ tmp/phantomjs-config，我們可以通過fontconfig來讀取該文件。

雖然有一個問題：默認情況下，PhantomJSDriver類不允許設置環境變量。這很令人傷心，因爲底層工作者代碼PhantomWebDriverService確實允許這樣做。

爲了解決這個我創建了我複製從PhantomJSDriverService一些保護方法，一個小的輔助類：

public class MyPhantomDriverService { 
    public static PhantomJSDriverService createDefaultService(Capabilities desiredCapabilities, Map<String, String> env) { 
     Proxy proxy = null; 
     if (desiredCapabilities != null) { 
      proxy = Proxy.extractFrom(desiredCapabilities); 
     } 

     File phantomjsfile = findPhantomJS(desiredCapabilities, "https://github.com/ariya/phantomjs/wiki", "http://phantomjs.org/download.html"); 
     File ghostDriverfile = findGhostDriver(desiredCapabilities, "https://github.com/detro/ghostdriver/blob/master/README.md", "https://github.com/detro/ghostdriver/downloads"); 
     Builder builder = new Builder(); 
     builder.usingPhantomJSExecutable(phantomjsfile) 
      .usingGhostDriver(ghostDriverfile) 
      .usingAnyFreePort() 
      .withProxy(proxy) 
      .withLogFile(new File("phantomjsdriver.log")) 
      .usingCommandLineArguments(findCLIArgumentsFromCaps(desiredCapabilities, "phantomjs.cli.args")) 
      .usingGhostDriverCommandLineArguments(findCLIArgumentsFromCaps(desiredCapabilities, "phantomjs.ghostdriver.cli.args")); 
     if(null != env) 
      builder.withEnvironment(env); 
     return builder.build(); 
    } 

    public static File findPhantomJS(Capabilities desiredCapabilities, String docsLink, String downloadLink) { 
     String phantomjspath; 
     if (desiredCapabilities != null && desiredCapabilities.getCapability("phantomjs.binary.path") != null) { 
      phantomjspath = (String)desiredCapabilities.getCapability("phantomjs.binary.path"); 
     } else { 
      phantomjspath = (new ExecutableFinder()).find("phantomjs"); 
      phantomjspath = System.getProperty("phantomjs.binary.path", phantomjspath); 
     } 

     Preconditions.checkState(phantomjspath != null, "The path to the driver executable must be set by the %s capability/system property/PATH variable; for more information, see %s. The latest version can be downloaded from %s", "phantomjs.binary.path", docsLink, downloadLink); 
     File phantomjs = new File(phantomjspath); 
     checkExecutable(phantomjs); 
     return phantomjs; 
    } 

    protected static File findGhostDriver(Capabilities desiredCapabilities, String docsLink, String downloadLink) { 
     String ghostdriverpath; 
     if (desiredCapabilities != null && desiredCapabilities.getCapability("phantomjs.ghostdriver.path") != null) { 
      ghostdriverpath = (String)desiredCapabilities.getCapability("phantomjs.ghostdriver.path"); 
     } else { 
      ghostdriverpath = System.getProperty("phantomjs.ghostdriver.path"); 
     } 

     if (ghostdriverpath != null) { 
      File ghostdriver = new File(ghostdriverpath); 
      Preconditions.checkState(ghostdriver.exists(), "The GhostDriver does not exist: %s", ghostdriver.getAbsolutePath()); 
      Preconditions.checkState(ghostdriver.isFile(), "The GhostDriver is a directory: %s", ghostdriver.getAbsolutePath()); 
      Preconditions.checkState(ghostdriver.canRead(), "The GhostDriver is not a readable file: %s", ghostdriver.getAbsolutePath()); 
      return ghostdriver; 
     } else { 
      return null; 
     } 
    } 

    protected static void checkExecutable(File exe) { 
     Preconditions.checkState(exe.exists(), "The driver executable does not exist: %s", exe.getAbsolutePath()); 
     Preconditions.checkState(!exe.isDirectory(), "The driver executable is a directory: %s", exe.getAbsolutePath()); 
     Preconditions.checkState(exe.canExecute(), "The driver is not executable: %s", exe.getAbsolutePath()); 
    } 

    private static String[] findCLIArgumentsFromCaps(Capabilities desiredCapabilities, String capabilityName) { 
     if (desiredCapabilities != null) { 
      Object cap = desiredCapabilities.getCapability(capabilityName); 
      if (cap != null) { 
       if (cap instanceof String[]) { 
        return (String[])((String[])cap); 
       } 

       if (cap instanceof Collection) { 
        try { 
         Collection<String> capCollection = (Collection<String>)cap; 
         return (String[])capCollection.toArray(new String[capCollection.size()]); 
        } catch (Exception var4) { 
         System.err.println(String.format("Unable to set Capability '%s' as it was neither a String[] or a Collection<String>", capabilityName)); 
        } 
       } 
      } 
     } 

     return new String[0]; 
    } 
} 

有了這個新代碼，我現在可以創建一個PhantomJSDriver如下：

 //-- 1. Make a temp directory which will contain our fonts.conf 
     String tmp = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"); 
     if(tmp == null) { 
      tmp = "/tmp"; 
     } 
     File dir = new File(tmp + File.separator + "/_phantomjs-config/fontconfig"); 
     dir.mkdirs(); 
     if(! dir.exists()) { 
      throw new IOException("Can't create fontconfig directory to override phantomjs font settings at " + dir); 
     } 

     File conf = new File(dir, "fonts.conf"); 
     String text = "<match target=\"font\">\n" 
      + "<edit mode=\"assign\" name=\"antialias\">\n" 
      + "<bool>false</bool>\n" 
      + "</edit>\n" 
      + "</match>"; 
     try(FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(conf)) { 
      fos.write(text.getBytes("UTF-8")); 
     } 

     //-- Set the XDG_CONFIG_HOME envvar; this is used by fontconfig as one of its locations 

     Map<String, String> env = new HashMap<>(); 
     env.put("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", dir.getParentFile().getAbsolutePath()); 

     PhantomJSDriverService service = MyPhantomDriverService.createDefaultService(capabilities, env); 
     wd = new PhantomJSDriver(service, capabilities); 

代碼問題

此代碼最重要的問題是，如果有fonts.conf文件（如$ HOME/.fonts.conf），它可能會失敗在定義反鋸齒。但對於我的測試用例來說，這工作正常。

相同的技巧也適用於無頭鉻）

要禁用無頭鉻抗鋸齒使用上述相同的代碼來生成fonts.conf文件，然後如下分配一個鍍鉻的webdriver：

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; 
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService; 
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService.Builder; 

... 

Map<String, String> env = new HashMap<>(); 
env.put("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", dir.getParentFile().getAbsolutePath()); 

Builder builder = new Builder(); 
builder.usingAnyFreePort(); 
builder.withEnvironment(env); 
ChromeDriverService service = builder.build(); 
return new ChromeDriver(service, dc);