金字塔：sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError

Question

我下一個金字塔教程：http://pyramid-blogr.readthedocs.io/en/latest/project_structure.html，並使用Windows 8

當前的結果：當我打開我的本地地址（火狐），我收到以下錯誤：

sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (sqlite3.OperationalError) no such table: entries [SQL: 'SELECT entries.id AS entries_id, entries.title AS entries_title, entries.body AS entries_body, entries.created AS entries_created, entries.edited AS entries_edited \nFROM entries ORDER BY entries.created DESC\n LIMIT ? OFFSET ?'] [parameters: (5, 0)] 

回溯（最近通話最後一個）：

 File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\pyramid_debugtoolbar\panels\performance.py", line 71, in noresource_timer_handler 
     result = handler(request) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\pyramid\tweens.py", line 62, in excview_tween 
     reraise(*attrs['exc_info']) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\pyramid\compat.py", line 148, in reraise 
     raise value 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\pyramid\tweens.py", line 22, in excview_tween 
     response = handler(request) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\pyramid_tm\__init__.py", line 119, in tm_tween 
     reraise(*exc_info) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\pyramid_tm\compat.py", line 15, in reraise 
     raise value 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\pyramid_tm\__init__.py", line 98, in tm_tween 
     response = handler(request) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\pyramid\router.py", line 158, in handle_request 
     view_name 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\pyramid\view.py", line 547, in _call_view 
     response = view_callable(context, request) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\pyramid\viewderivers.py", line 442, in rendered_view 
     result = view(context, request) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\pyramid\viewderivers.py", line 147, in _requestonly_view 
     response = view(request) 
    File "c:\projects\turing_chat\turing_blog\turing_blog\views\default.py", line 9, in index_page 
     paginator = BlogRecordService.get_paginator(request, page) 
    File "c:\projects\turing_chat\turing_blog\turing_blog\services\blog_record.py", line 30, in get_paginator 
     url_maker=url_maker) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\paginate_sqlalchemy\__init__.py", line 35, in __init__ 
     super(SqlalchemyOrmPage, self).__init__(*args, wrapper_class=SqlalchemyOrmWrapper, **kwargs) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\paginate\__init__.py", line 251, in __init__ 
     self.items = list(self.collection[first:last]) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\paginate_sqlalchemy\__init__.py", line 20, in __getitem__ 
     return self.obj[range] 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\query.py", line 2489, in __getitem__ 
     return list(res) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\query.py", line 2797, in __iter__ 
     return self._execute_and_instances(context) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\query.py", line 2820, in _execute_and_instances 
     result = conn.execute(querycontext.statement, self._params) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 945, in execute 
     return meth(self, multiparams, params) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\elements.py", line 263, in _execute_on_connection 
     return connection._execute_clauseelement(self, multiparams, params) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 1053, in _execute_clauseelement 
     compiled_sql, distilled_params 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 1189, in _execute_context 
     context) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 1393, in _handle_dbapi_exception 
     exc_info 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\util\compat.py", line 202, in raise_from_cause 
     reraise(type(exception), exception, tb=exc_tb, cause=cause) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\util\compat.py", line 185, in reraise 
     raise value.with_traceback(tb) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 1182, in _execute_context 
     context) 
    File "C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\default.py", line 469, in do_execute 
     cursor.execute(statement, parameters) sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (sqlite3.OperationalError) no such table: entries [SQL: 'SELECT entries.id AS entries_id, entries.title AS entries_title, entries.body AS entries_body, entries.created AS entries_created, entries.edited AS entries_edited \nFROM entries ORDER BY entries.created DESC\n LIMIT ? OFFSET ?'] [parameters: (5, 0)] 

預期結果：本教程指出，我應該看到一個頁面，其中顯示的文字是：「打開我的本地主機地址時找不到博客條目」。

---

這些都是一些編輯爲教程中我創建的文件/文件內容：

blog_record.py

> import sqlalchemy as sa from paginate_sqlalchemy import 
> SqlalchemyOrmPage #<- provides pagination from ..models.blog_record 
> import BlogRecord 
> 
> 
> class BlogRecordService(object): 
> 
>  @classmethod 
>  def all(cls, request): 
>   query = request.dbsession.query(BlogRecord) 
>   return query.order_by(sa.desc(BlogRecord.created)) # ^^ will return a query object that can return an entire dataset(in desc order) 
> when needed. 
>  @classmethod 
>  def by_id(cls, _id, request): 
>   query = request.dbsession.query(BlogRecord) 
>   return query.get(_id)  # ^^ return a single entry by id or the None object if nothing is found  
>  @classmethod 
>  def get_paginator(cls, request, page=1): 
>   query = request.dbsession.query(BlogRecord) 
>   query = query.order_by(sa.desc(BlogRecord.created)) 
>   query_params = request.GET.mixed() 
> 
>   def url_maker(link_page): 
>    # replace page param with values generated by paginator 
>    query_params['page'] = link_page 
>    return request.current_route_url(_query=query_params) 
> 
>   return SqlalchemyOrmPage(query, page, items_per_page=5, 
>         url_maker=url_maker) 

default.py

from pyramid.view import view_config 
from ..services.blog_record import BlogRecordService 


@view_config(route_name='home', 
      renderer='pyramid_blogr:templates/index.jinja2') 
def index_page(request): 
    page = int(request.params.get('page', 1)) 
    paginator = BlogRecordService.get_paginator(request, page) 
    return {'paginator': paginator} 
    # ^^ We first retrieve from the URL's request object the page number that we want to present to the user. 
    # If the page number is not present, it defaults to 1. 
    # The paginator object returned by BlogRecord.get_paginator will then be used in the template 
    # to build a nice list of entries. 
    # Everything we return from our views in dictionaries will be available in templates as variables. 
    # So if we return {'foo':1, 'bar':2}, then we will be able to access the variables 
    # inside the template directly as foo and bar. 

@view_config(route_name='auth', match_param='action=in', renderer='string', 
      request_method='POST') 
@view_config(route_name='auth', match_param='action=out', renderer='string') 
def sign_in_out(request): 
    return {} 

user.py

import datetime #<- will be used to set default dates on models 
from turing_blog.models.meta import Base #<- we need to import our sqlalchemy metadata from which model classes will inherit 
from sqlalchemy import (
    Column, 
    Integer, 
    Unicode,  #<- will provide Unicode field 
    UnicodeText, #<- will provide Unicode text field 
    DateTime, #<- time abstraction field 
) 

class User(Base): 
    __tablename__ = 'users' 
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) 
    name = Column(Unicode(255), unique=True, nullable=False) 
    password = Column(Unicode(255), nullable=False) 
    last_logged = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow) 

型號/ __ init__.py

from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config 
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker 
from sqlalchemy.orm import configure_mappers 
import zope.sqlalchemy 

# import or define all models here to ensure they are attached to the 
# Base.metadata prior to any initialization routines 
from .user import User 
from .blog_record import BlogRecord 

# run configure_mappers after defining all of the models to ensure 
# all relationships can be setup 
configure_mappers() 


def get_engine(settings, prefix='sqlalchemy.'): 
    return engine_from_config(settings, prefix) 


def get_session_factory(engine): 
    factory = sessionmaker() 
    factory.configure(bind=engine) 
    return factory 


def get_tm_session(session_factory, transaction_manager): 
    """ 
    Get a ``sqlalchemy.orm.Session`` instance backed by a transaction. 

    This function will hook the session to the transaction manager which 
    will take care of committing any changes. 

    - When using pyramid_tm it will automatically be committed or aborted 
     depending on whether an exception is raised. 

    - When using scripts you should wrap the session in a manager yourself. 
     For example:: 

      import transaction 

      engine = get_engine(settings) 
      session_factory = get_session_factory(engine) 
      with transaction.manager: 
       dbsession = get_tm_session(session_factory, transaction.manager) 

    """ 
    dbsession = session_factory() 
    zope.sqlalchemy.register(
     dbsession, transaction_manager=transaction_manager) 
    return dbsession 


def includeme(config): 
    """ 
    Initialize the model for a Pyramid app. 

    Activate this setup using ``config.include('turing_blog.models')``. 

    """ 
    settings = config.get_settings() 

    # use pyramid_tm to hook the transaction lifecycle to the request 
    config.include('pyramid_tm') 

    session_factory = get_session_factory(get_engine(settings)) 
    config.registry['dbsession_factory'] = session_factory 

    # make request.dbsession available for use in Pyramid 
    config.add_request_method(
     # r.tm is the transaction manager used by pyramid_tm 
     lambda r: get_tm_session(session_factory, r.tm), 
     'dbsession', 
     reify=True 
    ) 

型號/ blog_record.py

import datetime #<- will be used to set default dates on models 
from turing_blog.models.meta import Base #<- we need to import our sqlalchemy metadata from which model classes will inherit 
from sqlalchemy import (
    Column, 
    Integer, 
    Unicode,  #<- will provide Unicode field 
    UnicodeText, #<- will provide Unicode text field 
    DateTime, #<- time abstraction field 
) 
from webhelpers2.text import urlify #<- will generate slugs e.g. converts "foo Bar Baz" to "foo-Bar-Baz" 
from webhelpers2.date import distance_of_time_in_words #<- human friendly dates 

class BlogRecord(Base): 
    __tablename__ = 'entries' 
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) 
    title = Column(Unicode(255), unique=True, nullable=False) 
    body = Column(UnicodeText, default=u'') 
    created = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow) 
    edited = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow) 

    @property 
    def slug(self): 
     return urlify(self.title) 

    @property 
    def created_in_words(self): 
     return distance_of_time_in_words(self.created, 
             datetime.datetime.utcnow()) 

我懷疑有一個簡單的錯誤我已經這是造成這種錯誤，例如沒有正確安裝金字塔。如果有人能夠幫助我，那將會很棒。我也可以提供更多細節。

Answer 1

您需要運行initialize_pyramid_blogr_db腳本來創建數據庫表。

你應該在某個地方有virtualenv文件夾，並有bin或Scripts文件夾，其中Python包安裝他們的命令行腳本。找到initialize_pyramid_blogr_db和完整的文件系統路徑。

1）請確保您有您的虛擬環境激活（activate.bat）

2）然後，你的項目文件夾中運行::

python \path\bin\initialize_pyramid_blogr_db developmnt.ini