Rails：簡單的單元測試不在終端執行

Question

嗨我想學習測試，但我的單元測試不起作用。所以我有一個用戶模型（和其他車型一樣好，但還沒有開始測試他們還）：

class Users < ActiveRecord::Base 
    attr_accessible :age, :gender, :name 

    has_many :sent_messages, :class => "Messages", :foreign_key => 'sender_id' 
    has_many :received_messages, :class => "Messages", :foreign_key => 'receiver_id' 

    belongs_to :location 
    belongs_to :language 

    before_save { |user| if user.new_record? then create_remember_token end } 


    private 

     def create_remember_token 
      self.remember_token = SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64 
     end 

end 

和測試/單位/ users_test.rb

require 'test_helper' 

class UsersTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase 
    test "user is created" do 
    user = User.create!(:name => "Edmund") 
    assert_equal user, User.first 
    end 
end 

但是當我運行rake test:units我得到：

Edmunds-MacBook-Pro:langexchange edmundmai$ rake test:units 
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "languages_id_seq" for serial column "languages.id" 
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE/PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "languages_pkey" for table "languages" 
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "locations_id_seq" for serial column "locations.id" 
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE/PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "locations_pkey" for table "locations" 
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "messages_id_seq" for serial column "messages.id" 
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE/PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "messages_pkey" for table "messages" 
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "users_id_seq" for serial column "users.id" 
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE/PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "users_pkey" for table "users" 
/Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/keys.rb:51:in `block in assert_valid_keys': Unknown key: class (ArgumentError) 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/keys.rb:50:in `each_key' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/keys.rb:50:in `assert_valid_keys' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/associations/builder/association.rb:33:in `validate_options' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/associations/builder/association.rb:24:in `build' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb:139:in `build' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/associations/builder/belongs_to.rb:14:in `build' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/associations/builder/association.rb:12:in `build' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/associations.rb:1428:in `belongs_to' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/Desktop/Class/Ruby/langexchange/app/models/messages.rb:4:in `<class:Messages>' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/Desktop/Class/Ruby/langexchange/app/models/messages.rb:1:in `<top (required)>' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in `require' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in `block in require' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:236:in `load_dependency' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in `require' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:359:in `require_or_load' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:313:in `depend_on' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:225:in `require_dependency' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/railties-3.2.8/lib/rails/engine.rb:439:in `block (2 levels) in eager_load!' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/railties-3.2.8/lib/rails/engine.rb:438:in `each' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/railties-3.2.8/lib/rails/engine.rb:438:in `block in eager_load!' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/railties-3.2.8/lib/rails/engine.rb:436:in `each' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/railties-3.2.8/lib/rails/engine.rb:436:in `eager_load!' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/railties-3.2.8/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:53:in `block in <module:Finisher>' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/railties-3.2.8/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/railties-3.2.8/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/railties-3.2.8/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in `block in run_initializers' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/railties-3.2.8/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `each' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/railties-3.2.8/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `run_initializers' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/railties-3.2.8/lib/rails/application.rb:136:in `initialize!' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/railties-3.2.8/lib/rails/railtie/configurable.rb:30:in `method_missing' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/Desktop/Class/Ruby/langexchange/config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/Desktop/Class/Ruby/langexchange/test/test_helper.rb:2:in `require' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/Desktop/Class/Ruby/langexchange/test/test_helper.rb:2:in `<top (required)>' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/Desktop/Class/Ruby/langexchange/test/unit/helpers/home_helper_test.rb:1:in `require' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/Desktop/Class/Ruby/langexchange/test/unit/helpers/home_helper_test.rb:1:in `<top (required)>' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/rake-10.0.2/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb:10:in `require' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/rake-10.0.2/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb:10:in `block (2 levels) in <main>' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/rake-10.0.2/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb:9:in `each' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/rake-10.0.2/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb:9:in `block in <main>' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/rake-10.0.2/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb:4:in `select' 
    from /Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/rake-10.0.2/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb:4:in `<main>' 
rake aborted! 
Command failed with status (1): [ruby -I"lib:test" -I"/Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/rake-10.0.2/lib" "/Users/edmundmai/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@rails3tutorial2ndEd/gems/rake-10.0.2/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb" "test/unit/**/*_test.rb" ] 
Tasks: TOP => test:units 
(See full trace by running task with --trace) 

這怎麼可能？有人可以幫忙嗎？我沒有寫任何其他測試，這樣我不知道它是如何抓狂

UPDATE 消息模型：

class Messages < ActiveRecord::Base 
    attr_accessible :content, :read 

    belongs_to :sender, :class => "User", :foreign_key => 'sender_id' 
    belongs_to :receiver, :class => "User", :foreign_key => 'receiver_id' 
end 

Answer 1

在你的用戶模型使用

has_many :sent_messages, :class => "Messages", :foreign_key => 'sender_id' 
has_many :received_messages, :class => "Messages", :foreign_key => 'receiver_id' 

，你應該使用：

has_many :sent_messages, :class_name => "Messages", :foreign_key => 'sender_id' 
has_many :received_messages, :class_name => "Messages", :foreign_key => 'receiver_id' 

（切換:class到:class_name）

---

在協會有沒有這樣的東西:class選項。你想要的是:class_name選項。 （你將不得不改變以往任何時候都使用這種模式。）

http://guides.rubyonrails.org/association_basics.html#has_many-association-reference

Answer 2

從這個堆棧跟蹤，你似乎有一個錯誤在你Messages模型。如果你糾正了這個錯誤，這應該正確運行。