如果你觀察運行gcc
(而不是直接運行該鏈接爲ld
)放緩,嘗試用
編譯這將打印出所有的中介命令,如內部collect2
和最後ld
,並確保傳遞給這些命令的對象在命令完成後仍將保留在磁盤上。
然後,您應該能夠單獨運行命令以查找最糟糕的階段,然後使用不同的選項或分析運行它。
例如,
$ echo 'int main() {}' > test.c
$ gcc -save-temps -v test.c
Using built-in specs.
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Configured with: /var/tmp/paludis/sys-devel-gcc-4.3.3-r2/work/gcc-4.3.3/configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/gcc-bin/4.3.3 --includedir=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/include --datadir=/usr/share/gcc-data/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3 --mandir=/usr/share/gcc-data/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/man --infodir=/usr/share/gcc-data/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/info --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/include/g++-v4 --host=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu --build=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu --disable-altivec --disable-fixed-point --enable-nls --without-included-gettext --with-system-zlib --disable-checking --disable-werror --enable-secureplt --enable-multilib --enable-libmudflap --disable-libssp --enable-libgomp --enable-cld --disable-libgcj --enable-objc-gc --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,treelang,fortran --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-clocale=gnu --with-bugurl=http://bugs.gentoo.org/ --with-pkgversion='Gentoo 4.3.3-r2 p1.1, pie-10.1.5'
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.3.3 (Gentoo 4.3.3-r2 p1.1, pie-10.1.5)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-save-temps' '-v' '-mtune=generic'
/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/cc1 -E -quiet -v test.c -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -mtune=generic -fpch-preprocess -o test.i
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include search starts here:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/include
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/include-fixed
/usr/include
End of search list.
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-save-temps' '-v' '-mtune=generic'
/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/cc1 -fpreprocessed test.i -quiet -dumpbase test.c -mtune=generic -auxbase test -version -o test.s
GNU C (Gentoo 4.3.3-r2 p1.1, pie-10.1.5) version 4.3.3 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
compiled by GNU C version 4.3.3, GMP version 4.2.4, MPFR version 2.4.1-p5.
warning: GMP header version 4.2.4 differs from library version 4.3.1.
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: 20f3dbffbfd03e5311a257ae1239cd71
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-save-temps' '-v' '-mtune=generic'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/bin/as -V -Qy -o test.o test.s
GNU assembler version 2.19.1 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) using BFD version (GNU Binutils) 2.19.1
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/:/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-save-temps' '-v' '-mtune=generic'
/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/collect2 --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64 -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../.. test.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crtn.o
$ ls
a.out test.c test.i test.o test.s
$ /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/collect2 --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64 -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../.. test.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crtn.o
$ .../collect2 -v ...
collect2 version 4.3.3 (x86-64 Linux/ELF)
/usr/bin/ld -v --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64 -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../.. test.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crtn.o
GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.19.1
$
如果您需要幫助建立的ld
調試版本,這裏有一個快速的食譜,讓你去。
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential dpkg-dev
$ sudo apt-get build-dep binutils
$ apt-get source binutils
$ cd binutils-*
$ DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS='debug noopt nostrip' dpkg-buildpackage -uc -us
$ cd ..
$ sudo dpkg -i *.deb
而不是快速的黑客,不過,我推薦使用schroot或sbuild,以避免污染自己的系統。
+1「就不那麼明顯了Debian支持」與海合會標誌:) – tr9sh 2009-06-24 21:07:33
@ephemient我想邁過源ld.so,並希望看到的源代碼行GDB執行。我已經安裝了binutils-source和libcdbg,但是當控制進入ld.so代碼時,GDB顯示SOurce不可用。你能建議我缺少的東西嗎?謝謝http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20114565/gdb-step-into-dynamic-linkerld-so-code – abhi 2013-11-21 07:28:03