爲什麼bean無法在junit測試環境中創建？

Question

我正在嘗試爲我的彈簧應用程序創建Junit測試。我有基於註釋的配置沒有xmls。當我運行測試，我收到以下錯誤：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext 
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287) 
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192) 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in com.library.config.DataConfig: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.persistence.spi.PersistenceUnitInfo.getValidationMode()Ljavax/persistence/ValidationMode; 

這是我簡單的測試類：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { WebConfig.class, DataConfig.class }) 
public class BookTest { 

    @Test 
    public void testSayHello() { 
     Assert.assertEquals("Hello world!", "Hello world!"); 
    } 
} 

這是我DataConfig：

@Configuration 
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = { "com.library.repositories" }) 
@ComponentScan("com.library.entities, com.library.services") 
public class DataConfig { 

    @Bean 
    JpaTransactionManager transactionManager(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) { 
     JpaTransactionManager transactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager(); 
     transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactory); 
     return transactionManager; 
    } 

    @Bean 
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory(DataSource dataSource, Environment env) { 
     LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean(); 
     entityManagerFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource); 
     entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaVendorAdapter(new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter()); 
     entityManagerFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan("com.library.entities"); 
     entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaProperties(hibernateProperties()); 

     return entityManagerFactoryBean; 
    } 

    @Bean 
    public DataSource dataSource() { 
     DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource(); 
     dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); 
     dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost/library"); 
     dataSource.setUsername("root"); 
     dataSource.setPassword("root"); 

     return dataSource; 
    } 

    final Properties hibernateProperties() { 
     final Properties hibernateProperties = new Properties(); 
     hibernateProperties.setProperty(AvailableSettings.SHOW_SQL, "true"); 
     hibernateProperties.setProperty(AvailableSettings.HBM2DDL_AUTO, "update"); 
     return hibernateProperties; 
    } 

} 

而且WebConfig.class：

@Configuration 
@EnableWebMvc 
@ComponentScan("com.library.controllers") 
public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { 

    @Override 
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { 
     registry.addResourceHandler("/resources/**") 
         .addResourceLocations("/resources/"); 
    } 

    @Bean 
    public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver() { 
     InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = 
         new InternalResourceViewResolver(); 
     viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class); 
     viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/"); 
     viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp"); 
     return viewResolver; 
    } 

} 

W它不起作用？應用程序在服務器上正常工作。

P.S：我的hibernate-core版本是5.2.2.FINAL和spring-test 4.3.3.RELEASE如果兼容性要考慮在內。

Answer 1

每當您看到NoSuchMethodError這意味着您的類路徑中存在不兼容的庫版本。僅在測試中遇到此事實可能意味着您有一個衝突的測試範圍依賴項，或者這個依賴項具有與您的編譯範圍的依賴項衝突的自己的傳遞依賴項。

在您的IDE中，您可以搜索課程 - 您應該能夠在不同的罐子中找到PersistenceUnitInfo的多個副本。其中一個與Spring版本不兼容。

或者，您可以在測試和編譯範圍中定義多個版本的Spring。

Maven的命令，可以幫助你調試此：

• mvn dependency:tree
• mvn help:effective-pom

Answer 2

首先，與@WebAppConfiguration註釋您的測試類如下：

import org.junit.Assert; 
import org.junit.Test; 
import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; 
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; 
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration; 

@WebAppConfiguration 
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { WebConfig.class, DataConfig.class }) 
public class BookTest { 

    @Test 
    public void testSayHello() { 
     Assert.assertEquals("Hello world!", "Hello world!"); 
    } 
} 

接下來，在01中驗證你的依賴關係，如錯誤顯示版本不兼容，所以它不能創造entityManagerFactory豆在加載應用程序上下文：

Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in com.library.config.DataConfig: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.persistence.spi.PersistenceUnitInfo.getValidationMode()Ljavax/persistence/ValidationMode;

對我來說，下面的相關工作：

<properties> 
     <spring.version>4.3.3.RELEASE</spring.version> 
    </properties> 

    <dependencies> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> 
      <version>${spring.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> 
      <version>${spring.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> 
      <version>${spring.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> 
      <version>${spring.version}</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> 
      <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> 
      <version>5.2.2.Final</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId> 
      <version>1.10.6.RELEASE</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> 
      <version>3.0.1</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>mysql</groupId> 
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> 
      <version>5.1.6</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>junit</groupId> 
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 
      <version>4.12</version> 
      <scope>test</scope> 
     </dependency> 

你可以找到解決方案的源代碼here。