調整大小會導致錯誤？

Question

我在學習，慢慢地！以下代碼的一部分來自這裏關於在tkinter畫布中調整對象大小的問題。無論如何，我的目標是使開始的網格燈，因爲我瞭解更多，我將增加啓動和停止按鈕或鍵的能力，但現在我只是想讓它在視覺上工作。 我希望它適合完美的任何屏幕我運行它沒有改變代碼等，但是當我重新調整窗口的大小，它開始在不同的地方添加圈子，它讓我非常困惑。

import tkinter 
import time 

class ReDraw(): 
    def __init__(self): 
     self._tk = tkinter.Tk() 

     self._myframe = tkinter.Frame(master = self._tk) 
     self._myframe.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = tkinter.NSEW) 

     self._mycanvas = tkinter.Canvas(master = self._tk, width = 850, height = 400, bg = 'grey', highlightthickness = 0) 
     self._mycanvas.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = tkinter.NSEW) 

     self._mycanvas.bind("<Configure>", self._on_resize) 

     self._tk.rowconfigure(0, weight = 1) 
     self._tk.columnconfigure(0, weight = 1) 

     self.fracX = 1 
     self.fracY = 1 

     self._oval1 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval1') 
     self._oval2 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(210*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,320*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval2') 
     self._oval3 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(370*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,480*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval3') 
     self._oval4 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(530*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,640*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval4') 
     self._oval5 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(690*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,800*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval5') 

    def _on_resize(self, event): 
     self._mycanvas.delete(tkinter.ALL) 
     self.fracX = event.width/850 
     self.fracY = event.height/400 
     self._oval1 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval1') 
     self._oval2 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(210*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,320*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval2') 
     self._oval3 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(370*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,480*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval3') 
     self._oval4 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(530*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,640*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval4') 
     self._oval5 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(690*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,800*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval5') 

def main(): 
    canvas = ReDraw() 
    # Some widgets to the canvas 
    def red0(a): 
     for i in range(a): 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval1') 
      canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
      canvas._tk.update() 
      time.sleep(0.05)    
    def red1(a): 
     for i in range(a): 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval1') 
      canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval2') 
      canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval2') 
      canvas._tk.update() 
      time.sleep(0.05)     
    def red2(a): 
     for i in range(a): 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval1') 
      canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval2') 
      canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval2') 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval3') 
      canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval3') 
      canvas._tk.update() 
      time.sleep(0.05)     
    def red3(a): 
     for i in range(a): 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval1') 
      canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval2') 
      canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval2') 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval3') 
      canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval3') 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval4') 
      canvas._oval4 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(530*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,640*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval4') 
      canvas._tk.update() 
      time.sleep(0.05)     
    def red4(a): 
     for i in range(a): 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval5') 
      canvas._oval5 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(690*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,800*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval5') 
      canvas._tk.update() 
      time.sleep(0.05)  
    def green(a): 
     for i in range(a): 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete(tkinter.ALL) 
      canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval1') 
      canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval2') 
      canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval3') 
      canvas._oval4 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(530*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,640*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval4') 
      canvas._oval5 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(690*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,800*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval5') 
      canvas._tk.update() 
      time.sleep(0.05) 
    def amber(a): 
     for i in range(a): 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete(tkinter.ALL) 
      canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="yellow", tags = 'oval1') 
      canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="yellow", tags = 'oval2') 
      canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="yellow", tags = 'oval3') 
      canvas._oval4 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(530*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,640*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="yellow", tags = 'oval4') 
      canvas._oval5 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(690*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,800*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="yellow", tags = 'oval5') 
      canvas._tk.update() 
      time.sleep(0.05) 
    def lights1(a): 
     for i in range(a): 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete(tkinter.ALL) 
      canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval1') 
      canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval2') 
      canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval3') 
      canvas._oval4 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(530*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,640*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval4') 
      canvas._oval5 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(690*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,800*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval5') 
      canvas._tk.update() 
      time.sleep(0.05) 
    def lights(): 
     canvas._mycanvas.delete(tkinter.ALL) 
     canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval1') 
     canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval2') 
     canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval3') 
     canvas._oval4 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(530*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,640*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval4') 
     canvas._oval5 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(690*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,800*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval5') 
     canvas._tk.update() 

    # tag all of the drawn widgets 
    def flashing(): 
     global flag 
     flag=1 
     while flag: 
      if flag == 1: 

       lights1(9) 
       amber(10) 
       lights() 
    def stop(): 
     global flag 
     flag = 2 
     while flag: 
      if flag == 2: 
       lights() 

    def start(): 
     global flag 
     flag = 3 
     while flag: 
      if flag == 3: 
       lights() 
       red0(30) 
       red1(30) 
       red2(30) 
       red3(30) 
       red4(30) 
       green(30) 
       lights() 
       break 


    canvas._but1 = tkinter.Button(text="start", command=start) 
    canvas._but1.grid(row = 2, column = 0, sticky="w") 
    canvas._but2 = tkinter.Button(text="amber", command=flashing) 
    canvas._but2.grid(row = 2, sticky="w", padx=(80)) 
    canvas._but1 = tkinter.Button(text="stop", command=stop) 
    canvas._but1.grid(row = 2, column = 0, sticky="w", padx=(40)) 

if __name__ == "__main__": 
    main() 

再重新編輯整理的大部分問題，但仍然認爲這是錯誤

Answer 1

import tkinter 
import time 

class ReDraw(): 
    def __init__(self): 
     self._tk = tkinter.Tk() 

     self._myframe = tkinter.Frame(master = self._tk) 
     self._myframe.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = tkinter.NSEW) 

     self._mycanvas = tkinter.Canvas(master = self._tk, width = 850, height = 400, bg = 'grey', highlightthickness = 0) 
     self._mycanvas.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = tkinter.NSEW) 

     self._mycanvas.bind("<Configure>", self._on_resize) 

     self._tk.rowconfigure(0, weight = 1) 
     self._tk.columnconfigure(0, weight = 1) 

     self.fracX = 1 
     self.fracY = 1 

     self._oval1 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval1') 
     self._oval2 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(210*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,320*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval2') 
     self._oval3 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(370*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,480*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval3') 
     self._oval4 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(530*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,640*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval4') 
     self._oval5 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(690*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,800*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval5') 

    def _on_resize(self, event): 
     self._mycanvas.delete(tkinter.ALL) 
     self.fracX = event.width/850 
     self.fracY = event.height/400 
     self._oval1 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval1') 
     self._oval2 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(210*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,320*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval2') 
     self._oval3 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(370*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,480*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval3') 
     self._oval4 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(530*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,640*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval4') 
     self._oval5 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(690*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,800*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval5') 

def main(): 
    canvas = ReDraw() 
    # Some widgets to the canvas 
    def red0(a): 
     for i in range(a): 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval1') 
      canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
      canvas._tk.update() 
      time.sleep(0.05)    
    def red1(a): 
     for i in range(a): 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval1') 
      canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval2') 
      canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval2') 
      canvas._tk.update() 
      time.sleep(0.05)     
    def red2(a): 
     for i in range(a): 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval1') 
      canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval2') 
      canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval2') 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval3') 
      canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval3') 
      canvas._tk.update() 
      time.sleep(0.05)     
    def red3(a): 
     for i in range(a): 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval1') 
      canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval2') 
      canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval2') 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval3') 
      canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval3') 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval4') 
      canvas._oval4 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(530*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,640*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval4') 
      canvas._tk.update() 
      time.sleep(0.05)     
    def red4(a): 
     for i in range(a): 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval5') 
      canvas._oval5 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(690*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,800*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval5') 
      canvas._tk.update() 
      time.sleep(0.05)  
    def green(a): 
     for i in range(a): 
      canvas._mycanvas.delete(tkinter.ALL) 
      canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval1') 
      canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval2') 
      canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval3') 
      canvas._oval4 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(530*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,640*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval4') 
      canvas._oval5 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(690*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,800*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval5') 
      canvas._tk.update() 
      time.sleep(0.05) 
    def lights(): 
     canvas._mycanvas.delete(tkinter.ALL) 
     canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval1') 
     canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval2') 
     canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval3') 
     canvas._oval4 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(530*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,640*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval4') 
     canvas._oval5 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(690*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,800*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval5') 
     canvas._tk.update() 

    # tag all of the drawn widgets 
    for i in range(20): 
     lights() 
     red0(30) 
     red1(30) 
     red2(30) 
     red3(30) 
     red4(30) 
     green(30) 
     lights() 

if __name__ == "__main__": 
    main() 

的相當凌亂仍然得到負載所以我剛修好你的代碼，現在的工作，只是看看！關於你的代碼的問題是，即使你在你的類調整畫布ResizingCanvas（這工作得很好），在您的的main（）功能，你還是留着建立在特定的地方你調整畫布裏面新的橢圓形。另外，我認爲最好是將你的整個tkinter應用程序創建爲一個對象，因爲你可以更容易地控制你的對象並使得方法或屬性獲得數據。因此，在我的固定代碼中，我將整個tkinter.Tk()對象放入我的ReDraw（）類中。然後，我在該類中創建橢圓併爲它們中的每一個添加標籤，因此我可以輕鬆地刪除稍後要在以下函數中使用的橢圓形函數：main（）函數。只要查看代碼並詢問我是否不理解它！

P/S：我寧願你使用.grid()而不是.pack()，因爲它是調整窗口大小的更好工具，也更容易安排界面！