我如何獲得DoubleRenderError？

Question

我不斷收到DoubleRenderError，雖然我明白Ruby有DoubleRenderError規則，但我的理解是，這並不意味着我們在一個操作中不能有多個「呈現」語句。只是在代碼的執行流程中，「渲染」不應該超過一次，但這不會發生在我的代碼中。任何人都可以幫忙嗎？這裏是代碼：

class RegistrationsController < Milia::RegistrationsController 

    skip_before_action :authenticate_tenant!, :only => [:new, :create, :cancel] 

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    # TODO: options if non-standard path for new signups view 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    # create -- intercept the POST create action upon new sign-up 
    # new tenant account is vetted, then created, then proceed with devise create user 
    # CALLBACK: Tenant.create_new_tenant -- prior to completing user account 
    # CALLBACK: Tenant.tenant_signup  -- after completing user account 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    def create 
    # have a working copy of the params in case Tenant callbacks 
     # make any changes 
    tenant_params = sign_up_params_tenant 
    user_params = sign_up_params_user 
    coupon_params = sign_up_params_coupon 

    sign_out_session! 
     # next two lines prep signup view parameters 
    prep_signup_view(tenant_params, user_params, coupon_params) 

     # validate recaptcha first unless not enabled 
    if !::Milia.use_recaptcha || verify_recaptcha 

     Tenant.transaction do 
     @tenant = Tenant.create_new_tenant(tenant_params, user_params, coupon_params) 
     if @tenant.errors.empty? # tenant created 
      if @tenant.plan == 'premium' 
      @payment = Payment.new({ email: user_params["email"], 
       token: params[:payment]["token"], 
       tenant: @tenant }) 
      flash[:error] = "Please check registration errors" unless @payment.valid? 

      begin 
       @payment.process_payment 
       @payment.save 
      rescue Exception => e 
       flash[:error] = e.message 
       @tenant.destroy 
       log_action("Payment failed") 
       render :new and return 
      end 
      end 
     else 
      resource.valid? 
      log_action("tenant create failed", @tenant) 
      render :new 
     end # if .. then .. else no tenant errors 

     if flash[:error].blank? || flash[:error].empty? #payment successful 
      initiate_tenant(@tenant) # first time stuff for new tenant 

      devise_create(user_params) # devise resource(user) creation; sets resource 

      if resource.errors.empty? # SUCCESS! 

      log_action("signup user/tenant success", resource) 
       # do any needed tenant initial setup 
      Tenant.tenant_signup(resource, @tenant, coupon_params) 

      else # user creation failed; force tenant rollback 
      log_action("signup user create failed", resource) 
      raise ActiveRecord::Rollback # force the tenant transaction to be rolled back 
      end # if..then..else for valid user creation 
     else 
      resource.valid? 
      log_action("Payment processing failed", @tenant) 
      render :new and return 
     end # if.. then .. else no tenant errors 
     end # wrap tenant/user creation in a transaction 
    else 
     flash[:error] = "Recaptcha codes didn't match; please try again" 
     # all validation errors are passed when the sign_up form is re-rendered 
     resource.valid? 
     @tenant.valid? 
     log_action("recaptcha failed", resource) 
     render :new 
    end 
    end # def create 

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

    protected 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    def configure_permitted_parameters 
    devise_parameter_sanitizer.for(:sign_up) + ::Milia.whitelist_user_params 
    end 

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    def sign_up_params_tenant() 
     params.require(:tenant).permit(::Milia.whitelist_tenant_params) 
    end 

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    def sign_up_params_user() 
     params.require(:user).permit(::Milia.whitelist_user_params) 
    end 

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    # sign_up_params_coupon -- permit coupon parameter if used; else params 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    def sign_up_params_coupon() 
     (::Milia.use_coupon ? 
     params.require(:coupon).permit(::Milia.whitelist_coupon_params) : 
     params 
    ) 
    end 

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    # sign_out_session! -- force the devise session signout 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    def sign_out_session!() 
     Devise.sign_out_all_scopes ? sign_out : sign_out(resource_name) if user_signed_in? 
    end 

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    # devise_create -- duplicate of Devise::RegistrationsController 
    # same as in devise gem EXCEPT need to prep signup form variables 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    def devise_create(user_params) 

     build_resource(user_params) 

     # if we're using milia's invite_member helpers 
     if ::Milia.use_invite_member 
      # then flag for our confirmable that we won't need to set up a password 
     resource.skip_confirm_change_password = true 
     end 

     if resource.save 
     yield resource if block_given? 
     log_action("devise: signup user success", resource) 
     if resource.active_for_authentication? 
      set_flash_message :notice, :signed_up if is_flashing_format? 
      sign_up(resource_name, resource) 
      respond_with resource, :location => after_sign_up_path_for(resource) 
     else 
      set_flash_message :notice, :"signed_up_but_#{resource.inactive_message}" if is_flashing_format? 
      expire_data_after_sign_in! 
      respond_with resource, :location => after_inactive_sign_up_path_for(resource) 
     end 
     else 
     clean_up_passwords resource 
     log_action("devise: signup user failure", resource) 
     prep_signup_view( @tenant, resource, params[:coupon]) 
     respond_with resource 
     end 
    end 

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    def after_sign_up_path_for(resource) 
    headers['refresh'] = "0;url=#{root_path}" 
    root_path 
    end 

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    def after_inactive_sign_up_path_for(resource) 
    headers['refresh'] = "0;url=#{root_path}" 
    root_path 
    end 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

    def log_action(action, resource=nil) 
    err_msg = (resource.nil? ? '' : resource.errors.full_messages.uniq.join(", ")) 
    logger.debug(
     "MILIA >>>>> [register user/org] #{action} - #{err_msg}" 
    ) unless logger.nil? 
    end 

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

end # class Registrations 

Answer 1

你的邏輯有點複雜，我想我不能通過，看看發生了什麼。我的想法，你可以很容易地通過添加一些額外的代碼像這樣趕上錯誤：

def custom_render(params) 
byebug # Put breakpoint here 
render params 
end 

然後更換與custom_render你的函數的所有渲染，斷點檢查，您將看看會發生什麼。