conda環境能夠訪問「根」環境嗎？ （==系統包）？

Question

康達的「根」環境是什麼？它只是一個使用（僅）系統軟件包的環境？

其他環境是否也使用系統包（我假設優先考慮它們的重複版本）？

或者我需要將我的所有軟件包安裝在我想使用它們的環境中嗎？

有沒有一種方法來配置這個選項？

我安裝了一個系統軟件包，但當我在conda環境中時無法導入它。

Answer 1

根環境只是您開始使用的環境。您只能訪問在當前conda環境中顯式安裝的python包。這是我的系統的樣子。需要注意的是，在Python模塊搜索列表（sys.path的）所有路徑都在根文件夾暢達：

jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ conda env list 
# conda environments: 
# 
anvio     /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/anvio 
anvio2     /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/anvio2 
jupyter     /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/jupyter 
snake     /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake 
root     * /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3 

jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ python -c "import sys; print(\"\\n\".join(sys.path))" 

/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python35.zip 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/plat-darwin 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/aeosa 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/galaxy_lib-17.5.9-py3.5.egg 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/mmtf_python-1.0.5-py3.5.egg 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pysftp-0.2.8-py3.5.egg 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/python_dateutil-2.3-py3.5.egg 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools-27.2.0-py3.5.egg 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/urllib3-1.12-py3.5.egg 

當您切換暢達的環境中，巨蟒將現在由特定於環境的文件夾拉Python模塊：

jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ source activate snake 
(snake) jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ python -c "import sys; print(\"\\n\".join(sys.path))" 

/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python35.zip 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/plat-darwin 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/mmtf_python-1.0.5-py3.5.egg 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pysftp-0.2.8-py3.5.egg 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/python_dateutil-2.3-py3.5.egg 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools-27.2.0-py3.5.egg 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/urllib3-1.12-py3.5.egg 

如果你想獲得一個Python模塊，你就必須用conda install XXX（推薦）或pip install XXX明確安設它在暢達環境。

據我所知，沒有簡單的方法來覆蓋這種行爲。

注意：對於非python程序，這不是真的。執行路徑中的任何程序都將始終可用，並優先考慮通過conda安裝的程序。這是因爲conda安裝位置在PATH的開始位置。 EG：

(snake) jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ echo $PATH 
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/bin:/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin