如何使用tkinter在Python中將數據從一個類傳輸到另一個類？

Question

我不知道如何將數據從一個類傳輸到另一個類。在下面的代碼中，我使用Tkinter的askdirectory命令導入了一些圖像，並且一旦我有了導入圖像的目錄。然後我得到一些關於數據的信息，例如擴展的數量和圖像的數量。 （我知道這兩個值將是相同的）。我應該提到，這些數據直接在PageOne1類中找到，它將在類PageOne1中調用的函數中處理。

一旦這個數據被定義在一個變量中，我需要能夠在一個不同的類中使用它，這個類是一個點擊導入數據的按鈕時提升得更高的框架，這只是讓它看起來不同並且用戶知道發生了一些事情。

問題是： 如何將數據從一個類傳輸到另一個類？ E.G，在我的代碼中，我想從PageOne1類傳遞數據給PageOne2。 有了這個被轉移的數據，我想在一個標籤中顯示它。

#structure for this code NOT created by me - found on stackoverflow.com 
import tkinter as tk 
from tkinter import filedialog as tkFileDialog 
import math, operator, functools, os, glob, imghdr 
from PIL import Image, ImageFilter, ImageChops 
#fonts 
TITLE_FONT = ("Helvetica", 16, "bold","underline") #define font 
BODY_FONT = ("Helvetica", 12) #define font 
#define app 
def show_frame(self, c): #raise a chosen frame 
    '''Show a frame for the given class''' 
    frame = self.frames[c] 
    frame.tkraise() 
class SampleApp(tk.Tk): 
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): 
     tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) 

     # the container will contain all frames stacked on top of each other, the frame to be displayed will be raised higher 
     container = tk.Frame(self) 
     container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True) 
     container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1) 
     container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1) 

     self.frames = {} 
     for F in (StartPage, PageOne1, PageOne2,): 
      frame = F(container, self) 
      self.frames[F] = frame 
      # put all of the pages in the same location; 
      # the one on the top of the stacking order 
      # will be the one that is visible 
      frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew") 

     self.show_frame(StartPage) 

    def show_frame(self, c): #raise a chosen frame 
     '''Show a frame for the given class''' 
     frame = self.frames[c] 
     frame.tkraise() 

    def choose(self): 
     image_list = [] 
     extlist = [] 
     root = tk.Tk() 
     root.withdraw() 
     file = tkFileDialog.askdirectory(parent=root,title="Choose directory") 
     if len(file) > 0:#validate the directory 
      print("You chose %s" % file) #state where the directory is 
     for filename in glob.glob(file+"/*"): 
      print(filename) 
      im=Image.open(filename) 
      image_list.append(im) 
      ext = imghdr.what(filename) 
      extlist.append(ext) 
     print("Loop completed") 
     extlistlen = len(extlist) 
     image_listlen = len(image_list) 
        #these are the two pieces of data I want to transfer to PageOne2 
     self.show_frame(PageOne2) 
#frames 
class StartPage(tk.Frame): #title/menu/selection page 
    def __init__(self, parent, controller): 
     tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent) 
     label = tk.Label(self, text="LTC Meteor Detection Program", font=TITLE_FONT) #using labels as they can be updated at any point without updating the GUI, if the data is to be manipulated by the user canvas will be used 
     label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10) #pady offers padding between label and GUI border 

     button1 = tk.Button(self, text="Import Images", 
          command=lambda: controller.show_frame(PageOne1)) #if button1 chosen, controller.show_frame will raise the frame higher 
          #lambda and controller being used as commands to raise the frames 
     button2 = tk.Button(self, text="RMS Base Comparison", 
          command=lambda: controller.show_frame(PageTwo1)) 
     button3 = tk.Button(self, text="Export Images", 
          command=lambda: controller.show_frame(PageThree1)) 
     buttonexit = tk.Button(self,text="Quit", 
          command=lambda:app.destroy()) 
     button1.pack() 
     button2.pack() 
     button3.pack() 
     buttonexit.pack() 

class PageOne1(tk.Frame): 
    def __init__(self, parent, controller): 
     tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent) 
     label = tk.Label(self, text = "Import Images", font=TITLE_FONT) 
     label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10) 
     button = tk.Button(self, text="Select directory", 
          command=controller.choose) 
     button.pack() 
     button = tk.Button(self, text="Return To Menu", 
          command=lambda: controller.show_frame(StartPage)) 
     button.pack() 



#for reference: 
#fileName = tkFileDialog.asksaveasfilename(parent=root,filetypes=myFormats ,title="Save the image as...") 

class PageOne2(tk.Frame): 
    def __init__(self, parent, controller): 
     tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent) 
     label = tk.Label(self, text = "Import Images", font=TITLE_FONT) 
     label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10) 
     label = tk.Label(self, text = ("Number of images: ",image_listlen2," Number of different extensions: ",extlistlen2)) 
     label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10) 
     button = tk.Button(self, text="Return To Menu", 
          command=lambda: controller.show_frame(StartPage)) 
     button.pack() 

if __name__ == "__main__": 
    app = SampleApp() 
    app.mainloop() 

Answer 1

您必須保留對類的引用。我已經消除了所有不必要的代碼，所以只是

self.frames = {} 
    for F in (StartPage, PageOne1, PageOne2,): 
     frame = F(container, self) 
     self.frames[F] = frame 

仍然存在。然後您可以輕鬆地引用類屬性的數據。

class StartPage(): 
    def __init__(self): 
     ## declare and iteger and a string 
     self.sp_1=1 
     self.sp_2="abc" 

class PageOne1(): 
    def __init__(self): 
     ## declare a list and dictionary 
     self.sp_1=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5] 
     self.sp_2={"abc":1, "def":2} 

class YourApp(): 
    def __init__(self): 
     self.frames = {} 
     for F in (StartPage, PageOne1): 
      frame = F() 
      self.frames[F] = frame 

     ## print instance attributes from other classes 
     for class_idx in self.frames: 
      instance=self.frames[class_idx] 
      print "\n", instance.sp_1 
      print instance.sp_2 

YP=YourApp()