如何在Cortex-M項目中使用Clang靜態分析器？

Question

我正在爲基於ARM Cortex-M的MCU開發「裸機」C/C++應用程序。 我想將Clang靜態分析器加入到我的構建系統中。

所以不是

arm-none-eabi-g++ .... 

我現在用

scan-build arm-none-eabi-g++ ... 

這似乎是工作好，但我得到了一堆關於CMSIS頭文件和，我從拿到的東西消息芯片製造商：

• 錯誤：從指針轉換爲較小的類型'uint32_t'（又名'unsigned int'）丟失信息

我同意，他們應該有使用uintptr_t代替int32_t但不能重寫他們的整個代碼庫和CMSIS頭爲好。我可以告訴scan-build這個平臺上的指針實際上是32位的，所以不會丟失任何信息？

我試着告訴它考慮使用哪個平臺。但是，如果使用scan-build --analyzer-target=arm-none-eabi，我得到：

• 致命錯誤： 'CString的' 找不到文件
• 錯誤：未知的寄存器名 'vfpcc' 在ASM

再次，在CMSIS頭。

我的問題是：

• 爲什麼不能分析發現cstring頭，當我使用--analyzer-target=arm-none-eabi？
• 如何告訴分析儀我的指針是真正的32位？
• 它爲什麼會給我那個未知寄存器的錯誤？

或者：

• 我怎麼能沉默了CMSIS頭的警告？

編輯

我也試過以下建議，但沒有奏效，結果是相同的errros：

scan-build 
    --use-cc=/usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc 
    --use-c++=/usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++ 
    --analyzer-target=arm-none-eabi 
    arm-none-eabi-g++ ... 

注：我用的是qbs構建系統，並使用我的.qbs文件中的cpp.compilerWrapper屬性生成scan-build來電。

一個典型的命令如下：

/usr/bin/scan-build --use-cc=/usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc --use-c++=/usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++ --analyzer-target=arm-none-eabi /usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++ -g -O0 -Wall -Wextra -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb -mabi=aapcs -mno-sched-prolog -mabort-on-noreturn -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-builtin -specs=nosys.specs -specs=nano.specs -static -nodefaultlibs -Wdouble-promotion -ggdb -g3 -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -pipe -frandom-seed=0x633bf14c -Wdate-time -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -fvisibility=default -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wno-unused-function -DS1_USE_SEGGER_RTT -DEFM32WG940F256 -D__HEAP_SIZE=0 -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/common/inc -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/config -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/dmadrv/inc -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/dmadrv/config -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/hardware/kit/common/drivers -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/gpiointerrupt/inc -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/nvm/inc -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/nvm/config -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/rtcdrv/inc -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/rtcdrv/config -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/sleep/inc -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/spidrv/inc -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/spidrv/config -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/uartdrv/inc -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/uartdrv/config -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/ustimer/inc -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emdrv/ustimer/config -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/emlib/inc -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/CMSIS/Include -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/platform/Device/SiliconLabs/EFM32WG/Include -I/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/dependencies/RTT -std=c++0x -o /home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/build-myproject-my-software-arm_none_eabi-Debug/qtc_arm_none_a793425c-debug/myproject-my-software.qtc-arm-none-a793425c.7e216384/.obj/e6c416981c959a66/efm32-serial-port.cpp.o -c /home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/source/utilities/hal/efm32-serial-port.cpp 
In file included from /home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/source/utilities/hal/efm32-serial-port.cpp:24: 
In file included from /home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/source/utilities/hal/efm32-serial-port.h:27: 
In file included from /home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/source/utilities/hal/abstract-serial-port.h:32: 
/home/Timur/Projects/MyProject/my-software/source/utilities/hal/../core/callback.h:32:10: fatal error: 'cstddef' file not found 
#include <cstddef> 
     ^~~~~~~~~ 
1 error generated. 
scan-build: Using '/usr/bin/clang-4.0' for static analysis 
scan-build: 0 bugs found. 
scan-build: The analyzer encountered problems on some source files. 
scan-build: Preprocessed versions of these sources were deposited in '/tmp/scan-build-2017-07-27-194505-8969-1/failures'. 
scan-build: Please consider submitting a bug report using these files: 
scan-build: http://clang-analyzer.llvm.org/filing_bugs.html 

Answer 1

它看起來像你需要太指定use-cc=/usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc標誌：http://blog.canyonbliss.net/static-code-analysis-with-scan-build-while-cross-compiling/

Answer 2

失蹤「的CString」，是因爲鐺不包括STL頭。我有同樣的問題，並添加-I<path_to_st_includes>修復它。

所以在我的QBS我有類似的東西：

property string repoDir: "C:/Program Files (x86)/Atmel/Studio/7.0/packs" 
cpp.includePaths: [ 
     repoDir + "/arm/CMSIS/4.2.0/CMSIS/Include", 
     "C:/Program Files (x86)/Atmel/Studio/7.0/toolchain/arm/arm-gnu-toolchain/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/6.3.1", 
     "C:/Program Files (x86)/Atmel/Studio/7.0/toolchain/arm/arm-gnu-toolchain/arm-none-eabi/include" 
     ] 

對於vfpcc它似乎是從一個鏗鏘問題。 Chromium項目甚至修復了刪除vfpcc的使用方法：https://codereview.chromium.org/411803002/

我迄今發現的唯一解決方案是禁用硬件FPU進行靜態分析。

一種方法是在叮噹時使用-mfpu=none。但是gcc會抱怨none是無效的......而且由於Qt Creator在分析之前構建項目，構建將會失敗，分析將無法開始。

另一種方法是定義__SOFTFP__。這將強制__FPU_USED爲0並禁用所有使用vfpcc的功能。