我想通了基於Vroomfondel的回答答案:
dict1 = {'a':[1,2,3], 'b':[1,2,3,4], 'c':[1,2]}
dict2 = {item: [key for key in dict1 if item in dict1[key]] for value in dict1.values() for item in value}
這不是最快的,但它是一個襯墊,它是不是最慢提供的選項!
from timeit import timeit
methods = [['Vroomfondel1', '''from collections import defaultdict
import itertools
dict1 = {'a':[1,2,3], 'b':[1,2,3,4], 'c':[1,2]}
dict2 = defaultdict(list)
for k,v in itertools.chain.from_iterable([itertools.product(vals,key) for key,vals in dict1.items()]):
dict2[k].append(v)'''],
['Vroomfondel2', '''from collections import defaultdict
import itertools
dict1 = {'a':[1,2,3], 'b':[1,2,3,4], 'c':[1,2]}
dict2 = defaultdict(list)
[dict2[k].append(v) for k,v in itertools.chain.from_iterable([itertools.product(vals,key) for key,vals in dict1.items()])]'''],
['***Vroomfondel2 mod', '''dict1 = {'a':[1,2,3], 'b':[1,2,3,4], 'c':[1,2]}
dict2 = {item: [key for key in dict1 if item in dict1[key]] for value in dict1.values() for item in value}'''],
['mhlester1', '''dict1 = {'a':[1,2,3], 'b':[1,2,3,4], 'c':[1,2]}
dict2 = {}
for key, values in dict1.items():
for value in values:
dict2.setdefault(value, []).append(key)'''],
['mhlester1 mod', '''from collections import defaultdict
dict1 = {'a':[1,2,3], 'b':[1,2,3,4], 'c':[1,2]}
dict2 = defaultdict(list)
for key, values in dict1.items():
for value in values:
dict2[value].append(key)'''],
['mhlester2', '''from collections import defaultdict
dict1 = {'a':[1,2,3], 'b':[1,2,3,4], 'c':[1,2]}
dict2 = defaultdict(list)
for key, values in dict1.items():
for value in values:
dict2[value].append(key)'''],
['initial', '''from collections import defaultdict
dict1 = {'a':[1,2,3], 'b':[1,2,3,4], 'c':[1,2]}
dict2 = defaultdict(list)
for i in dict1:
for j in dict1[i]:
dict2[j].append(i)''']
]
for method in methods:
print "% 15s" % (method[0]), '\t', timeit(method[1], number=10000)
打印出:
Vroomfondel1 0.202519893646
Vroomfondel2 0.164724111557
***Vroomfondel2 mod 0.114083051682
mhlester1 0.0599339008331
mhlester1 mod 0.091933965683
mhlester2 0.0900268554688
initial 0.0953099727631
它不會對非唯一值工作,根據定義,在字典或哈希表鍵__unique__ – Oz123
Python字典不支持重複鍵 - >''http:// stackoverflow.com/questions/10664856/make-dictionary-with-duplicate-keys-in-python' –
我想我對「unique」的使用是不明確的。我所說的「獨特」是指如果原始字典具有從鍵 - >值的1-1映射。獨特的意思就是「對於每個價值,只有一個價值列出的關鍵」。如此獨特的映射:'1:[a],2:[b],3:[c] - > a:[1],b:[2],c:[3]'vs'1:[a] ,2:[a,b],3:[b,c] - > a:[1,2],b:[2,3],c:[3]'' – dantiston