當我嘗試通過解釋器運行我的Python腳本時，爲什麼會出現「ImportError：No module named」？

Question

我對Python比較陌生，已經開發了我公司的自動化框架。

在開發過程中，我第一次遇到了需要同時運行多個測試的情況。直到現在，我總是使用Eclipse，不僅開發我的框架，而且還運行測試（當然，它一次只有一個）。 當我試圖通過CMD屏幕「python」運行我的一個測試（我設法通過Eclipse運行的一個測試）時，它甚至沒有開始運行，我得到的結果是「ImportError：No module named」（有關到我從開發的軟件包中進口的產品）。

Eclipse如何設法與我所有的Imports相處並運行我的測試，而python解釋器不能？

爲了通過解釋器來運行我的測試，我需要做些什麼？

編輯

下面舉例說明什麼，我爲了試圖導入我的私有模塊

C:\Users\alpha_2.PL\workspace\PacketLight Automation\Test_Cases>python 
Python 3.5.2 (v3.5.2:4def2a2901a5, Jun 25 2016, 22:18:55) [MSC v.1900 
64 bit (AM D64)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or 
"license" for more information. 
>>> from Utilities.Browser_Utils import Open_Browser Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: 
No module named 'Utilities' 
>>> quit() 

C:\Users\alpha_2.PL\workspace\PacketLight Automation\Test_Cases>cd.. 

C:\Users\alpha_2.PL\workspace\PacketLight Automation>cd Utilities 

C:\Users\alpha_2.PL\workspace\PacketLight Automation\Utilities>python 
Python 3.5.2 (v3.5.2:4def2a2901a5, Jun 25 2016, 22:18:55) [MSC v.1900 
64 bit (AM D64)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or 
"license" for more information. 
>>> from Utilities.Browser_Utils import Open_Browser Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: 
No module named 'Utilities' 
>>> quit() 

C:\Users\alpha_2.PL\workspace\PacketLight Automation\Utilities>dir 
Volume in drive C has no label. Volume Serial Number is 1E0C-6554 

    Directory of C:\Users\alpha_2.PL\workspace\PacketLight Automation\Utilities 

08/07/2017 03:05 PM <DIR>   . 
08/07/2017 03:05 PM <DIR>   .. 
08/10/2017 10:28 AM    455 Browser_Utils.py 
09/05/2017 05:00 PM    7,007 General_Utils.py 
07/31/2017 01:49 PM     0 __init__.py 
09/05/2017 06:07 PM <DIR>   __pycache__ 
       3 File(s)   7,462 bytes 
       3 Dir(s) 394,707,480,576 bytes free 

C:\Users\alpha_2.PL\workspace\PacketLight Automation\Utilities>python 
Python 3.5.2 (v3.5.2:4def2a2901a5, Jun 25 2016, 22:18:55) [MSC v.1900 
64 bit (AM D64)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or 
"license" for more information. 
>>> from Utilities.Browser_Utils import Open_Browser 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: 
No module named 'Utilities' 
>>> 

Answer 1

我終於設法解決了這個問題。當這裏的一些答案指向PYTHONPATH時，我誤解了PATH（環境變量），因此沒有通過編輯sys.path來解決我的問題。

當我意識到我需要自己創建PYTHONPATH並添加自己的路徑時，我設法導入了我的包。

感謝所有誰在你的命令回答沒有你，我沒有對這個問題的任何解決方案方向

Answer 2

所有我可以想像的是，Eclipse的會從項目目錄，運行命令，使相關的進口工作。

如果我在/ home/jpic中運行python，並且存在foo.py，那麼我可以import foo。但是，如果我在/ home中運行python，那麼import foo將會失敗。因此，請確保在調用python之前將cd放入正確的目錄中。

如果我想讓foo可以從任何地方導入，我將不得不把它做成一個python包，這可能不是你想要對你的項目做的事情（但是我會和我所有的項目一起，因爲它很酷有進口到處工作^^）。

如果你想調試進口，運行python與-vv，你會得到進口調試輸出這樣：

# trying /home/jpic/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /home/jpic/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /home/jpic/foo.so 
# trying /home/jpic/foo.py 
# trying /home/jpic/foo.pyc 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/foo.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/foo.py 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/foo.pyc 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload/foo.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload/foo.py 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload/foo.pyc 
# trying /home/jpic/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /home/jpic/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /home/jpic/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.so 
# trying /home/jpic/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.py 
# trying /home/jpic/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.pyc 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-cities-light/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-cities-light/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-cities-light/foo.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-cities-light/foo.py 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-cities-light/foo.pyc 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/src/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/src/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/src/foo.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/src/foo.py 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/src/foo.pyc 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/test_project/src/genericm2m/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/test_project/src/genericm2m/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/test_project/src/genericm2m/foo.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/test_project/src/genericm2m/foo.py 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/test_project/src/genericm2m/foo.pyc 
# trying /home/jpic/work/mez/src/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /home/jpic/work/mez/src/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /home/jpic/work/mez/src/foo.so 
# trying /home/jpic/work/mez/src/foo.py 
# trying /home/jpic/work/mez/src/foo.pyc 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.py 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.pyc 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gtk-2.0/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gtk-2.0/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gtk-2.0/foo.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gtk-2.0/foo.py 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gtk-2.0/foo.pyc 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 961, in _find_and_load 
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 948, in _find_and_load_unlocked 
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'foo' 

注意上面的調試輸出在標準錯誤，而不是標準輸入取得。這意味着你應該使用&>而不是>將其重定向到文件，在bash4或2>上的windows 我認爲，在讀their docs後。

我不知道日食，所以我無法談論它的作用，但這個訣竅應該給你足夠的反饋，從口譯員破解你自己的解決方案。

另一種可能性是Eclipse使用Python3，並且您在CLI中使用Python2。在這種情況下，您需要在模塊目錄中添加__init__.py文件，或者確保您的CLI是python 3，請使用python --version進行檢查。示例：

07/09 2017 12:03:11 jpic@mez /tmp 
$ mkdir foo 

07/09 2017 12:03:13 jpic@mez /tmp 
$ touch foo/bar.py 

07/09 2017 12:03:16 jpic@mez /tmp 
$ python3 
Python 3.6.2 (default, Jul 20 2017, 03:52:27) 
[GCC 7.1.1 20170630] on linux 
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 
>>> import foo.bar 
>>> 

07/09 2017 12:03:20 jpic@mez /tmp 
$ python2 
Python 2.7.13 (default, Jul 21 2017, 03:24:34) 
[GCC 7.1.1 20170630] on linux2 
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 
>>> import foo.bar 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 
ImportError: No module named foo.bar 
>>> 

07/09 2017 12:03:28 jpic@mez /tmp 
$ touch foo/__init__.py 

07/09 2017 12:03:33 jpic@mez /tmp 
$ python2 
Python 2.7.13 (default, Jul 21 2017, 03:24:34) 
[GCC 7.1.1 20170630] on linux2 
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 
>>> import foo.bar 

Answer 3

您不應該依賴IDE來使模塊可導入。

當使用虛擬環境（或者，在您自己的危險中，使用sudo在系統Python中安裝）時，使用pip實用程序安裝正確打包的軟件很容易。

，直到你學會如何做那些，注意PYTHONPATH環境變量應該是一個分號（Windows）或冒號（UNIX）分隔的目錄，它們各自在翻譯的啓動時間將被預置到sys.path的列表。因此，您可以確保您的軟件（即使不是可安裝的）可供使用。