「前：每個做」塊沒有在rspec的

Question

在rspec的試運行，我試圖初始化兩個變量測試運行之前如下

describe "Publishing" do 
    before :each do 
     page_published = Page.create(attributes_for(:page)) 
     page_unpublished = Page.create(attributes_for(:page_unpublished)) 
    end 
    it "returns published pages" do 
     expect(Page.published).to eq [page_published] 
    end 
    it "returns unpublished pages" do 
     expect(Page.unpublished).to eq [page_unpublished] 
    end 
    end 

當我這樣做，我得到一個錯誤：

1) Page Publishing returns unpublished pages 
    Failure/Error: expect(Page.unpublished).to eq [page_unpublished] 
    NameError: 
     undefined local variable or method `page_unpublished' for #<RSpec::Core::ExampleGroup::Nested_1::Nested_4:0x0000010355b8c0> 

但是，如果我在每個塊中定義變量，則不會有錯誤。例如：

describe "Publishing" do 
    it "returns published pages" do 
     page_published = Page.create(attributes_for(:page)) 
     expect(Page.published).to eq [page_published] 
    end 
    it "returns unpublished pages" do 
     page_unpublished = Page.create(attributes_for(:page_unpublished)) 
     expect(Page.unpublished).to eq [page_unpublished] 
    end 
    end 

爲什麼變量中的「before：each do」塊中沒有聲明變量？

Answer 1

因爲你聲明它們是each塊的本地變量，它立即超出範圍。您需要將它們聲明爲實例變量，以使其可用於其他方法：

before :each do 
    @page_published = Page.create(attributes_for(:page)) 
    @page_unpublished = Page.create(attributes_for(:page_unpublished)) 
end 

Answer 2

meagar是正確的。但是，這也是一個使用let!塊的主要地方，因此它可以：

describe "Publishing" do 

    let! :page_published { Page.create(attributes_for(:page)) } 
    let! :page_unpublished { Page.create(attributes_for(:page_unpublished)) } 

    it "returns published pages" do 
     expect(Page.published).to eq [page_published] 
    end 
    it "returns unpublished pages" do 
     expect(Page.unpublished).to eq [page_unpublished] 
    end 
    end