屬性'driverClassName'拋出異常;嵌套的異常是java.lang.IllegalStateException：無法加載JDBC驅動程序類

我想構建一個運行在Tomcat上的簡單的Spring和Hibernate/PostgreSQL應用程序。當我在Tomcat中啓動應用程序時，出現以下錯誤：屬性'driverClassName'拋出異常;嵌套的異常是java.lang.IllegalStateException：無法加載JDBC驅動程序類

PropertyAccessException 1：org.springframework.beans.MethodInvocationException：屬性'driverClassName'引發異常;嵌套的例外是java.lang.IllegalStateException：無法加載JDBC驅動程序類[com.postgresql.Driver]

完整的堆棧跟蹤是：

[2016-02-11 10:55:08,634] Artifact LinksServer:war: Artifact is being deployed, please wait... 
11-Feb-2016 10:55:10.601 INFO [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.checkUnusualURLPattern Suspicious url pattern: "/pdfs/**" in context [] - see sections 12.1 and 12.2 of the Servlet specification 
11-Feb-2016 10:55:10.601 INFO [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.checkUnusualURLPattern Suspicious url pattern: "/images/**" in context [] - see sections 12.1 and 12.2 of the Servlet specification 
11-Feb-2016 10:55:10.873 INFO [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time. 
11-Feb-2016 10:55:10.961 INFO [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1] org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started 
11-Feb-2016 10:55:11.070 INFO [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1] org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.prepareRefresh Refreshing Root WebApplicationContext: startup date [Thu Feb 11 10:55:11 MST 2016]; root of context hierarchy 
11-Feb-2016 10:55:11.126 INFO [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1] org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [jpaContext.xml] 
11-Feb-2016 10:55:11.515 WARNING [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1] org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.refresh Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityMgrFactory' defined in class path resource [jpaContext.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'linksDataSource' while setting bean property 'dataSource'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'linksDataSource' defined in class path resource [jpaContext.xml]: Error setting property values; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.PropertyBatchUpdateException; nested PropertyAccessExceptions (1) are: 
PropertyAccessException 1: org.springframework.beans.MethodInvocationException: Property 'driverClassName' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not load JDBC driver class [com.postgresql.Driver] 
11-Feb-2016 10:55:11.547 SEVERE [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1] org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext Context initialization failed 
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityMgrFactory' defined in class path resource [jpaContext.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'linksDataSource' while setting bean property 'dataSource'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'linksDataSource' defined in class path resource [jpaContext.xml]: Error setting property values; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.PropertyBatchUpdateException; nested PropertyAccessExceptions (1) are: 
PropertyAccessException 1: org.springframework.beans.MethodInvocationException: Property 'driverClassName' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not load JDBC driver class [com.postgresql.Driver] 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:359) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:108) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1481) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1226) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:543) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:482) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197) 
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1054) 
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:829) 
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:538) 
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:446) 
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:328) 
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:107) 
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4812) 
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5255) 
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) 
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:725) 
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:701) 
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:717) 
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1675) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) 
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) 
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300) 
    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819) 
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801) 
    at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:465) 
    at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:415) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) 
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) 
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300) 
    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819) 
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801) 
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1487) 
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$300(RMIConnectionImpl.java:97) 
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1328) 
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1420) 
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:848) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) 
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) 
    at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:322) 
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$2.run(Transport.java:202) 
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$2.run(Transport.java:199) 
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) 
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:198) 
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:567) 
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:828) 
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.access$400(TCPTransport.java:619) 
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler$1.run(TCPTransport.java:684) 
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler$1.run(TCPTransport.java:681) 
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) 
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:681) 
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) 
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) 
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'linksDataSource' defined in class path resource [jpaContext.xml]: Error setting property values; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.PropertyBatchUpdateException; nested PropertyAccessExceptions (1) are: 
PropertyAccessException 1: org.springframework.beans.MethodInvocationException: Property 'driverClassName' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not load JDBC driver class [com.postgresql.Driver] 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1518) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1226) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:543) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:482) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:351) 
    ... 62 more 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.PropertyBatchUpdateException; nested PropertyAccessExceptions (1) are: 
PropertyAccessException 1: org.springframework.beans.MethodInvocationException: Property 'driverClassName' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not load JDBC driver class [com.postgresql.Driver] 
    at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:121) 
    at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:75) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1514) 
    ... 70 more 

11-Feb-2016 10:55:11.552 SEVERE [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal One or more listeners failed to start. Full details will be found in the appropriate container log file 
11-Feb-2016 10:55:11.553 SEVERE [RMI TCP Connection(2)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal Context [] startup failed due to previous errors 
[2016-02-11 10:55:11,575] Artifact LinksServer:war: Error during artifact deployment. See server log for details. 
11-Feb-2016 10:55:18.330 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory E:\Dev\Servers\Tomcat8\webapps\manager 
11-Feb-2016 10:55:18.391 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory E:\Dev\Servers\Tomcat8\webapps\manager has finished in 60 ms

我jpaContext.xml文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd 
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd"> 

    <!-- Use annotation configuration --> 
    <context:annotation-config/> 

    <!-- Tells Spring to inject the persistence context into the entity manager factory --> 
    <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/> 

    <!-- Define the entity manager factory --> 
    <bean id="entityMgrFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> 
     <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="punit"/> 
     <property name="dataSource" ref="linksDataSource"/> 
     <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> 
      <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"> 
       <property name="showSql" value="true"/> 
      </bean> 
     </property> 

     <property name="jpaPropertyMap"> 
      <map> 
       <entry key="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQL94Dialect"/> 
       <entry key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="none"/> 
       <entry key="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/> 
      </map> 
     </property> 
    </bean> 

    <!-- Define the transaction manager so that everything is wrapped into a transaction --> 
    <bean id="transMgr" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> 
     <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityMgrFactory"/> 
    </bean> 

    <!-- Specify that we will define the transactions via annotations --> 
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transMgr"/> 

    <!-- Define the data source --> 
    <bean id="linksDataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> 
     <property name="driverClassName" value="com.postgresql.Driver"/> 
     <property name="url" value="jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/links"/> 
     <property name="username" value="****"/> 
     <property name="password" value="****"/> 
    </bean> 
</beans>

我的web.xml文件是：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> 

    <context-param> 
     <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 
     <param-value>classpath:/jpaContext.xml</param-value> <!-- Spring's replacement of persistence.xml --> 
    </context-param> 

    <listener> 
     <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> 
    </listener> 

    <servlet> 
     <servlet-name>linksServlet</servlet-name> 
     <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 
     <init-param> 
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 
      <param-value>/WEB-INF/config/servlet-config.xml</param-value> 
     </init-param> 
    </servlet> 

    <servlet-mapping> 
     <servlet-name>linksServlet</servlet-name> 
     <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern> 
    </servlet-mapping> 

    <servlet-mapping> 
     <servlet-name>linksServlet</servlet-name> 
     <url-pattern>/pdfs/**</url-pattern> 
    </servlet-mapping> 

    <servlet-mapping> 
     <servlet-name>linksServlet</servlet-name> 
     <url-pattern>/images/**</url-pattern> 
    </servlet-mapping> 

    <servlet-mapping> 
     <servlet-name>linksServlet</servlet-name> 
     <url-pattern>*.json</url-pattern> 
    </servlet-mapping> 

    <servlet-mapping> 
     <servlet-name>linksServlet</servlet-name> 
     <url-pattern>*.xml</url-pattern> 
    </servlet-mapping> 

    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> 
</web-app>

而且因爲我使用Maven，我的pom.xml的是：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> 
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 
    <groupId>com.links</groupId> 
    <artifactId>LinksServer</artifactId> 
    <packaging>war</packaging> 
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 
    <name>LinksServer Webapp</name> 
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> 
    <dependencies> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>junit</groupId> 
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 
      <version>3.8.1</version> 
      <scope>test</scope> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> 
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> 
      <version>1.2</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> 
      <version>2.5</version> 
      <scope>provided</scope> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> 
      <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> 
      <version>5.2.3.Final</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> 
      <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId> 
      <version>1.9.13</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId> 
      <artifactId>xstream</artifactId> 
      <version>1.4.8</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId> 
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <!-- JPA Dependancies --> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId> 
      <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId> 
      <version>9.3-1102-jdbc41</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> 
      <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId> 
      <version>5.0.7.Final</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>javax.transaction</groupId> 
      <artifactId>jta</artifactId> 
      <version>1.1</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> 
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> 
     </dependency> 
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 
      <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> 
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> 
     </dependency> 
    </dependencies> 
    <build> 
     <finalName>LinksServer</finalName> 
    </build> 
</project>

希望我提供看我在做什麼所需的所有配置。

在此先感謝您的幫助！我是一名經驗豐富的Java程序員，但是Spring/Hibernate是新手。

來源

2016-02-12 Stirling

驅動名稱爲org.postgresql.Driver，不com.postgresql.Driver。
我希望你不打算在現場環境中使用org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource。它對於測試或獨立環境很有用。對於在Tomcat上運行的應用程序，您應該查看一個支持的連接池。

來源

2016-02-12 18:28:15 jny

非常感謝您的幫助！我發誓我多次看過它，並將它與罐子進行比較，但我沒有注意到它。 – Stirling

屬性'driverClassName'拋出異常;嵌套的異常是java.lang.IllegalStateException：無法加載JDBC驅動程序類

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