如何將Web API用作Web服務？

Question

我創建了一個測試ASP.Net Web Api，現在我想知道如何在Windows窗體應用程序中將它用作Web服務？

當前URL爲http://localhost:59682，當我添加http://localhost:59682或http://localhost:59682/api/或http://localhost:59682/api/products/作爲Web服務參考我得到這個錯誤：

這是我的web.config：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<!-- 
    For more information on how to configure your ASP.NET application, please visit 
    http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=169433 
    --> 
<configuration> 
    <configSections> 
    <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 --> 
    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=5.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" /> 
    </configSections> 
    <connectionStrings> 
    <add name="DefaultConnection" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)\v11.0;Initial Catalog=aspnet-WebApiLearning-20121206172000;Integrated Security=SSPI;AttachDBFilename=|DataDirectory|\aspnet-WebApiLearning-20121206172000.mdf" /> 
    </connectionStrings> 
    <appSettings> 
    <add key="webpages:Version" value="2.0.0.0" /> 
    <add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" /> 
    <add key="PreserveLoginUrl" value="true" /> 
    <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" /> 
    <add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" /> 
    </appSettings> 
    <system.web> 
    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" /> 
    <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" /> 
    <authentication mode="None" /> 
    <pages> 
     <namespaces> 
     <add namespace="System.Web.Helpers" /> 
     <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc" /> 
     <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Ajax" /> 
     <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Html" /> 
     <add namespace="System.Web.Optimization" /> 
     <add namespace="System.Web.Routing" /> 
     <add namespace="System.Web.WebPages" /> 
     </namespaces> 
    </pages> 
    <profile defaultProvider="DefaultProfileProvider"> 
     <providers> 
     <add name="DefaultProfileProvider" type="System.Web.Providers.DefaultProfileProvider, System.Web.Providers, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" connectionStringName="DefaultConnection" applicationName="/" /> 
     </providers> 
    </profile> 
    <membership defaultProvider="DefaultMembershipProvider"> 
     <providers> 
     <add name="DefaultMembershipProvider" type="System.Web.Providers.DefaultMembershipProvider, System.Web.Providers, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" connectionStringName="DefaultConnection" enablePasswordRetrieval="false" enablePasswordReset="true" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="false" requiresUniqueEmail="false" maxInvalidPasswordAttempts="5" minRequiredPasswordLength="6" minRequiredNonalphanumericCharacters="0" passwordAttemptWindow="10" applicationName="/" /> 
     </providers> 
    </membership> 
    <roleManager defaultProvider="DefaultRoleProvider"> 
     <providers> 
     <add name="DefaultRoleProvider" type="System.Web.Providers.DefaultRoleProvider, System.Web.Providers, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" connectionStringName="DefaultConnection" applicationName="/" /> 
     </providers> 
    </roleManager> 
    <!-- 
      If you are deploying to a cloud environment that has multiple web server instances, 
      you should change session state mode from "InProc" to "Custom". In addition, 
      change the connection string named "DefaultConnection" to connect to an instance 
      of SQL Server (including SQL Azure and SQL Compact) instead of to SQL Server Express. 
     --> 
    <sessionState mode="InProc" customProvider="DefaultSessionProvider"> 
     <providers> 
     <add name="DefaultSessionProvider" type="System.Web.Providers.DefaultSessionStateProvider, System.Web.Providers, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" connectionStringName="DefaultConnection" /> 
     </providers> 
    </sessionState> 
    </system.web> 
    <system.webServer> 
    <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" /> 
    <handlers> 
     <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_32bit" /> 
     <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_64bit" /> 
     <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" /> 
     <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_32bit" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\aspnet_isapi.dll" preCondition="classicMode,runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness32" responseBufferLimit="0" /> 
     <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_64bit" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\aspnet_isapi.dll" preCondition="classicMode,runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness64" responseBufferLimit="0" /> 
     <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" type="System.Web.Handlers.TransferRequestHandler" preCondition="integratedMode,runtimeVersionv4.0" /> 
    </handlers> 
    </system.webServer> 
    <runtime> 
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"> 
     <dependentAssembly> 
     <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /> 
     <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0" /> 
     </dependentAssembly> 
     <dependentAssembly> 
     <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /> 
     <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-4.0.0.0" newVersion="4.0.0.0" /> 
     </dependentAssembly> 
     <dependentAssembly> 
     <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /> 
     <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0" /> 
     </dependentAssembly> 
    </assemblyBinding> 
    </runtime> 
    <entityFramework> 
    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework"> 
     <parameters> 
     <parameter value="v11.0" /> 
     </parameters> 
    </defaultConnectionFactory> 
    </entityFramework> 
</configuration> 

，這是我的ProductsController

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Net; 
using System.Net.Http; 
using System.Web.Http; 
using WebApiLearning.Models; 

namespace WebApiLearning.Controllers 
{ 
    public class ProductsController : ApiController 
    { 

     Product[] products = new Product[] 
     { 
      new Product { Id = 1, Name = "Tomato Soup", Category = "Groceries", Price = 1.39M }, 
      new Product { Id = 2, Name = "Yo-yo", Category = "Toys", Price = 3.75M }, 
      new Product { Id = 3, Name = "Hammer", Category = "Hardware", Price = 16.99M } 
     }; 

     public IEnumerable<Product> GetAllProducts() 
     { 
      return products; 
     } 

     public Product GetProductById(int id) 
     { 
      var product = products.FirstOrDefault((p) => p.Id == id); 
      if (product == null) 
      { 
       var resp = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.NotFound); 
       throw new HttpResponseException(resp); 
      } 
      return product; 
     } 

     public IEnumerable<Product> GetProductsByCategory(string category) 
     { 
      return products.Where(
       (p) => string.Equals(p.Category, category, 
        StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)); 
     } 
    } 
} 

並且這是Product型號：

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Web; 

namespace WebApiLearning.Models 
{ 
    public class Product 
    { 
     public int Id { get; set; } 
     public string Name { get; set; } 
     public string Category { get; set; } 
     public decimal Price { get; set; } 
    } 
} 

Answer 1

不能添加服務引用到網絡API，因爲它僅僅是一個框架，它可以讓你暴露over HTTP功能（基本上你調用一個控制器上的方法）。

我建議你安裝的Web API客戶端庫

看看下面的鏈接

http://www.asp.net/web-api/overview/web-api-clients/calling-a-web-api-from-a-net-client