錯誤：運行時沒有ServletContext資源的URL Spring集成測試

Question

我正在爲我的Spring控制器運行集成測試。測試包括一個配置文件（view-configuration.xml），其中有tilesConfigurer bean，我得到的錯誤是No URL for ServletContext resource。下面是錯誤跟蹤，配置，測試&項目結構：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext 
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99) 
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:101) 
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:161) 
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:101) 
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:331) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:213) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:290) 
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:292) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:233) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:87) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309) 
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:176) 
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86) 
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) 
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459) 
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675) 
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382) 
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192) 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'tilesConfigurer' defined in class path resource [com/zerosolutions/configuration/view-configuration.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: No URL for ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/layout/default.xml] 
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1578) 
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:545) 
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:482) 
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:305) 
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) 
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:301) 
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:196) 
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:772) 
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:834) 
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:537) 
at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:132) 
at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:59) 
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:100) 
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:250) 
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:64) 
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:91) 
... 25 more 
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: No URL for ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/layout/default.xml] 
at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.SpringWildcardServletTilesApplicationContext.getResources(SpringWildcardServletTilesApplicationContext.java:96) 
at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.TilesConfigurer$SpringTilesContainerFactory.getSources(TilesConfigurer.java:306) 
at org.apache.tiles.factory.BasicTilesContainerFactory.createLocaleDefinitionDao(BasicTilesContainerFactory.java:182) 
at org.apache.tiles.factory.BasicTilesContainerFactory.createDefinitionsFactory(BasicTilesContainerFactory.java:137) 
at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.TilesConfigurer$SpringTilesContainerFactory.createDefinitionsFactory(TilesConfigurer.java:354) 
at org.apache.tiles.factory.BasicTilesContainerFactory.createContainer(BasicTilesContainerFactory.java:86) 
at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.TilesConfigurer$SpringTilesContainerFactory.createContainer(TilesConfigurer.java:297) 
at org.apache.tiles.startup.AbstractTilesInitializer.createContainer(AbstractTilesInitializer.java:114) 
at org.apache.tiles.startup.AbstractTilesInitializer.initialize(AbstractTilesInitializer.java:64) 
at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.TilesConfigurer.afterPropertiesSet(TilesConfigurer.java:271) 
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1637) 
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1574) 
... 40 more 
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/layout/default.xml] cannot be resolved to URL because it does not exist 
at org.springframework.web.context.support.ServletContextResource.getURL(ServletContextResource.java:156) 
at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.SpringWildcardServletTilesApplicationContext.getResources(SpringWildcardServletTilesApplicationContext.java:91) 
... 51 more 

視圖-configuration.xml文件：

<mvc:resources location="/resource/" mapping="/static/**"></mvc:resources> 

<bean id="tilesViewResolver" 
    class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.TilesViewResolver"> 
</bean> 
<bean id="tilesConfigurer" 
    class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.TilesConfigurer"> 
    <property name="definitions"> 
     <list> 
      <value>/WEB-INF/layout/default.xml</value> 
     </list> 
    </property> 
</bean> 

測試

@RunWith(value=SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 
@WebAppConfiguration 
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "file:WebContent/WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml", 
    "classpath:com/zerosolutions/configuration/service-configuration.xml", 
    "classpath:com/zerosolutions/configuration/security-configuration.xml", 
    "classpath:com/zerosolutions/test/datasource_test.xml", 
    "classpath:com/zerosolutions/configuration/view-configuration.xml"}) 
public class TestingFrontController { 

@Autowired 
private WebApplicationContext wac; 

private MockMvc mockMvc; 

@Before 
public void setUp(){ 
    this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build(); 
} 

@Test 
public void getLoginSignupPage() throws Exception{ 
    mockMvc.perform(get("/login")) 
    .andExpect(status().isOk()) 
    .andExpect(forwardedUrl("login")); 
} 

} 

項目結構：

爲什麼無法找到資源？

Answer 1

當Spring TestContext Framework爲@WebAppConfiguration註解的測試加載ApplicationContext時，它實際上加載了WebApplicationContext，這需要ServletContext。在集成測試中，Spring會爲您創建一個MockServletContext，並將resourceBasePath設置爲@WebAppConfiguration註釋中的value屬性的值。

如果您已經閱讀過Javadoc的@WebAppConfiguration，您會注意到默認路徑是src/main/webapp。

因此，答案是您不遵循WAR項目的Maven約定。換句話說，src/main/webapp不是您網頁內容的根源。相反，在你的項目中它是WebContent。

如下更改您的@WebAppConfiguration聲明應該可以解決您的問題。

@WebAppConfiguration("WebContent") 

問候，

山姆（Spring的TestContext框架的作者）

Answer 2

我試圖通過山姆提供的解決方案。它不適合我。

所以我嘗試把tiles.xml放到resources文件夾中，因爲我知道它只是需要能夠在上下文中找到。

我知道這不是解決問題的正確方法。但它適用於我。

@Bean 
public TilesConfigurer tilesConfigurer() { 
    final TilesConfigurer configurer = new TilesConfigurer(); 
    configurer.setDefinitions("classpath:tiles.xml"); 
    configurer.setCheckRefresh(true); 
    return configurer; 
}