UnsatisfiedDependencyException使用@DataJpaTest與SpringBoot

Question

我使用SpringBoot，我有一個DataJpaTest，但是當我運行測試類，我得到這個堆棧跟蹤：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext 

    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83) 
    at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:47) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287) 
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191) 
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) 
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68) 
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:51) 
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:237) 
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) 
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) 
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:147) 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'restTemplate' defined in br.com.mobtrack.api.MobTrackApplication: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'restTemplate' parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {} 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:749) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:467) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1134) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1028) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:513) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:759) 
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:866) 
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:542) 
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:761) 
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:371) 
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:315) 
    at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:111) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116) 
    ... 28 more 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {} 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1474) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1102) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1064) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:835) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:741) 

我想這是因爲我有內部RestTemplate豆我Application類是這樣的：

@SpringBootApplication 
public class TestApplication { 

    public static void main(String[] args) { 
     SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args); 
    } 

    @Bean 
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) { 
     return builder.build(); 
    } 
} 

這是我的測試類：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 
@DataJpaTest 
public class CityRepositoryTest { 

    @Autowired 
    private TestEntityManager entityManager; 

    @Autowired 
    private CityRepository cityRepository; 

    private City city; 

    @Before 
    public void init() { 
     city = new City(); 
     city.setName("New York"); 
     city.setImage("http://www.mockimage.com"); 
    } 

    @Test 
    public void findByNameShouldReturnCity() throws Exception { 
     this.entityManager.persist(city); 
     Optional<City> hasCity = this.cityRepository.findByNameIgnoreCase("New York"); 
     city = hasCity.get(); 
     assertThat(city.getId()).isNotNull(); 
     assertThat(city.getName()).isEqualTo("New York"); 
     assertThat(city.getImage()).isEqualTo("http://www.mockimage.com"); 
    } 

    @Test 
    public void findByNameStartingWithShouldReturnCity() throws Exception { 
     this.entityManager.persist(city); 
     Optional<City> hasCity = this.cityRepository.findByNameStartingWithIgnoreCase("New"); 
     city = hasCity.get(); 
     assertThat(city.getId()).isNotNull(); 
     assertThat(city.getName()).isEqualTo("New York"); 
     assertThat(city.getImage()).isEqualTo("http://www.mockimage.com"); 
    } 

    @Test 
    public void findByNameWhenNoCityShouldReturnFalse() throws Exception { 
     this.entityManager.persist(city); 
     Optional<City> hasCity = this.cityRepository.findByNameStartingWithIgnoreCase("Ohaio"); 
     assertThat(hasCity.isPresent()).isFalse(); 
    } 
} 

歡迎任何幫助，非常感謝！

Answer 1

由於錯誤很明顯 - 沒有合格的豆類RestTemplateBuilder可用於RestTemplate豆類建築。

用於RestTempalteBuilder的Bean被Spring的啓動啓動器注入到上下文中。通常不需要在上下文中聲明RestTemplateBuilder bean，因爲它已由spring-boot自動配置提供。如果該項目是一個彈簧啓動應用程序，它將按預期運行。

如果需要的話，可以通過創建應用程序configuration.Something一個新的像下面定製：

@Bean 
public RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder() { 
    return new RestTemplateBuilder() 
      .basicAuthorization("abc", "password"); 
} 

@Bean 
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) { 
    return builder.build(); 
} 

如果沒有真正的理由來定製它，你可能寧願有一個簡單的bean定義RestTemplate如下：

@Bean 
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() { 
     return new RestTemplate(); 
    }