RSpec未定義的方法'應該'

Question

我在我的控制器測試中得到了'應該'的未定義方法，但無法找出原因。我花了一些時間在谷歌和堆棧溢出，但我卡住了。任何幫助？

規格助手：

require 'simplecov' 
SimpleCov.start 'rails' 

# This file is copied to spec/ when you run 'rails generate rspec:install' 
ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test' 
require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__) 
require 'rspec/rails' 
require 'rspec/autorun' 
# Requires supporting ruby files with custom matchers and macros, etc, 
# in spec/support/ and its subdirectories. 
Dir[Rails.root.join("spec/support/**/*.rb")].each {|f| require f} 

RSpec.configure do |config| 
    config.expect_with :rspec do |c| 
    c.syntax = :expect 
    end 

    # ## Mock Framework 
    # 
    # If you prefer to use mocha, flexmock or RR, uncomment the appropriate line: 
    # 
    #config.mock_with :mocha 
    # config.mock_with :flexmock 
    # config.mock_with :rr 

    # Remove this line if you're not using ActiveRecord or ActiveRecord fixtures 
    config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures" 

    # If you're not using ActiveRecord, or you'd prefer not to run each of your 
    # examples within a transaction, remove the following line or assign false 
    # instead of true. 
    config.use_transactional_fixtures = false 

    # If true, the base class of anonymous controllers will be inferred 
    # automatically. This will be the default behavior in future versions of 
    # rspec-rails. 
    config.infer_base_class_for_anonymous_controllers = false 

    # Run specs in random order to surface order dependencies. If you find an 
    # order dependency and want to debug it, you can fix the order by providing 
    # the seed, which is printed after each run. 
    #  --seed 1234 
    config.order = "random" 
end 

Capybara.javascript_driver = :webkit 

控制器測試：

require 'spec_helper' 
include Devise::TestHelpers 

describe PagesController do 
    # This should return the minimal set of attributes required to create a valid 
    # Page. As you add validations to Page, be sure to 
    # update the return value of this method accordingly. 
    def valid_attributes 
    { } 
    end 

    # This should return the minimal set of values that should be in the session 
    # in order to pass any filters (e.g. authentication) defined in 
    # PagesController. Be sure to keep this updated too. 
    def valid_session 
    {} 
    end 

    describe "GET index" do 
    it "assigns all pages as @pages" do 
     page = Page.create! valid_attributes 
     get :index, {}, valid_session 
     assigns(:pages).should eq([page]) 
    end 
    end 

    describe "GET show" do 
    it "assigns the requested page as @page" do 
     page = Page.create! valid_attributes 
     get :show, {:id => page.to_param}, valid_session 
     assigns(:page).should eq(page) 
    end 
    end 

    describe "GET new" do 
    it "assigns a new page as @page" do 
     get :new, {}, valid_session 
     assigns(:page).should be_a_new(Page) 
    end 
    end 

    describe "GET edit" do 
    it "assigns the requested page as @page" do 
     page = Page.create! valid_attributes 
     get :edit, {:id => page.to_param}, valid_session 
     assigns(:page).should eq(page) 
    end 
    end 

    describe "POST create" do 
    describe "with valid params" do 
     it "creates a new Page" do 
     expect { 
      post :create, {:page => valid_attributes}, valid_session 
     }.to change(Page, :count).by(1) 
     end 

     it "assigns a newly created page as @page" do 
     post :create, {:page => valid_attributes}, valid_session 
     assigns(:page).should be_a(Page) 
     assigns(:page).should be_persisted 
     end 

     it "redirects to the created page" do 
     post :create, {:page => valid_attributes}, valid_session 
     response.should redirect_to(Page.last) 
     end 
    end 

    describe "with invalid params" do 
     it "assigns a newly created but unsaved page as @page" do 
     # Trigger the behavior that occurs when invalid params are submitted 
     Page.any_instance.stub(:save).and_return(false) 
     post :create, {:page => { }}, valid_session 
     assigns(:page).should be_a_new(Page) 
     end 

     it "re-renders the 'new' template" do 
     # Trigger the behavior that occurs when invalid params are submitted 
     Page.any_instance.stub(:save).and_return(false) 
     post :create, {:page => { }}, valid_session 
     response.should render_template("new") 
     end 
    end 
    end 

    describe "PUT update" do 
    describe "with valid params" do 
     it "updates the requested page" do 
     page = Page.create! valid_attributes 
     # Assuming there are no other pages in the database, this 
     # specifies that the Page created on the previous line 
     # receives the :update_attributes message with whatever params are 
     # submitted in the request. 
     Page.any_instance.should_receive(:update_attributes).with({ "these" => "params" }) 
     put :update, {:id => page.to_param, :page => { "these" => "params" }}, valid_session 
     end 

     it "assigns the requested page as @page" do 
     page = Page.create! valid_attributes 
     put :update, {:id => page.to_param, :page => valid_attributes}, valid_session 
     assigns(:page).should eq(page) 
     end 

     it "redirects to the page" do 
     page = Page.create! valid_attributes 
     put :update, {:id => page.to_param, :page => valid_attributes}, valid_session 
     response.should redirect_to(page) 
     end 
    end 

    describe "with invalid params" do 
     it "assigns the page as @page" do 
     page = Page.create! valid_attributes 
     # Trigger the behavior that occurs when invalid params are submitted 
     Page.any_instance.stub(:save).and_return(false) 
     put :update, {:id => page.to_param, :page => { }}, valid_session 
     assigns(:page).should eq(page) 
     end 

     it "re-renders the 'edit' template" do 
     page = Page.create! valid_attributes 
     # Trigger the behavior that occurs when invalid params are submitted 
     Page.any_instance.stub(:save).and_return(false) 
     put :update, {:id => page.to_param, :page => { }}, valid_session 
     response.should render_template("edit") 
     end 
    end 
    end 

    describe "DELETE destroy" do 
    it "destroys the requested page" do 
     page = Page.create! valid_attributes 
     expect { 
     delete :destroy, {:id => page.to_param}, valid_session 
     }.to change(Page, :count).by(-1) 
    end 

    it "redirects to the pages list" do 
     page = Page.create! valid_attributes 
     delete :destroy, {:id => page.to_param}, valid_session 
     response.should redirect_to(pages_url) 
    end 
    end 

end 

錯誤：

失敗：

1) PagesController GET index assigns all pages as @pages 
    Failure/Error: assigns(:pages).should eq([page]) 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `should' for #<Array:0x007fb986c42948> 
    # ./spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:23:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    2) PagesController POST create with valid params creates a new Page 
    Failure/Error: expect { 
     count should have been changed by 1, but was changed by 0 
    # ./spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:53:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    3) PagesController POST create with valid params assigns a newly created page as @page 
    Failure/Error: assigns(:page).should be_a(Page) 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `should' for nil:NilClass 
    # ./spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:60:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    4) PagesController POST create with valid params redirects to the created page 
    Failure/Error: response.should redirect_to(Page.last) 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `should' for #<ActionController::TestResponse:0x007fb987232c68> 
    # ./spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:66:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    5) PagesController POST create with invalid params assigns a newly created but unsaved page as @page 
    Failure/Error: assigns(:page).should be_a_new(Page) 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `should' for nil:NilClass 
    # ./spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:75:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    6) PagesController POST create with invalid params re-renders the 'new' template 
    Failure/Error: response.should render_template("new") 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `should' for #<ActionController::TestResponse:0x007fb986e1d1f0> 
    # ./spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:82:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    7) PagesController GET new assigns a new page as @page 
    Failure/Error: assigns(:page).should be_a_new(Page) 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `should' for #<Page:0x007fb982404708> 
    # ./spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:38:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    8) PagesController PUT update with valid params updates the requested page 
    Failure/Error: put :update, {:id => page.to_param, :page => { "these" => "params" }}, valid_session 
     #<Page:0x007fb9872517f8> received :update_attributes with unexpected arguments 
     expected: ({"these"=>"params"}) 
       got: ({}) 
    # ./app/controllers/pages_controller.rb:61:in `block in update' 
    # ./app/controllers/pages_controller.rb:60:in `update' 
    # ./spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:96:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    9) PagesController PUT update with valid params assigns the requested page as @page 
    Failure/Error: assigns(:page).should eq(page) 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `should' for #<Page:0x007fb981579a30> 
    # ./spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:102:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    10) PagesController PUT update with valid params redirects to the page 
    Failure/Error: response.should redirect_to(page) 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `should' for #<ActionController::TestResponse:0x007fb9827b7350> 
    # ./spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:108:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    11) PagesController PUT update with invalid params assigns the page as @page 
    Failure/Error: assigns(:page).should eq(page) 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `should' for #<Page:0x007fb987444a88> 
    # ./spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:118:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    12) PagesController PUT update with invalid params re-renders the 'edit' template 
    Failure/Error: response.should render_template("edit") 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `should' for #<ActionController::TestResponse:0x007fb982e75750> 
    # ./spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:126:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    13) PagesController GET show assigns the requested page as @page 
    Failure/Error: assigns(:page).should eq(page) 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `should' for #<Page:0x007fb9830f3a68> 
    # ./spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:31:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    14) PagesController DELETE destroy redirects to the pages list 
    Failure/Error: response.should redirect_to(pages_url) 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `should' for #<ActionController::TestResponse:0x007fb988100e98> 
    # ./spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:142:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    15) PagesController GET edit assigns the requested page as @page 
    Failure/Error: assigns(:page).should eq(page) 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `should' for #<Page:0x007fb9872585f8> 
    # ./spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:46:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

Answer 1

的RSpec提供的書面期望兩種方式：

1. 應樣式1.should == 1
2. 期待風格expect(1).to eq(1)

你spec_helper配置爲使用後者。語法配置更改爲：c.syntax = :should

參考：https://www.relishapp.com/rspec/rspec-expectations/docs/syntax-configuration