不正確的時區打入db

Question

我創建了具有帶時區dateTime的列的表。 在我model.py：

DATABASE=> \d messages 
            Table "public.messages" 
    Column |   Type   |       Modifiers       
-----------+-----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------- 
msg_id | integer    | not null default nextval('messages_msg_id_seq'::regclass) 
fullName | character varying(60) | 
message | character varying  | 
email  | character varying  | 
visitorId | character varying(10) | 
done  | boolean    | 
pub_date | time with time zone | 

不管時區似乎什麼時區/日期時間我使用：

db = SQLAlchemy(app) 

class Messages(db.Model): 
    __tablename__ = 'messages' 
    msgId = db.Column('msg_id', db.Integer, primary_key=True) 
    fullName = db.Column(db.String(60)) 
    message = db.Column(db.String) 
    email = db.Column(db.String, unique=True) 
    visitorId = db.Column(db.String(10)) 
    done = db.Column(db.Boolean) 
    pub_date = db.Column(types.Time(timezone=True)) 

    def __init__(self, fullName, email, message, visitorId, submitTime): 
     self.fullName = fullName 
     self.email = email 
     self.message = message 
     self.visitorId = visitorId 
     self.done = False 
     self.pub_date = submitTime 

而且我一直在使用db.create_all()上heroku pg:psql，下面導致創建的表衝擊+00這是UTC。

4 | ciasto  | testing |   | 9IQVW1K6W | f | 15:48:31.784704+00 

爲什麼會發生這種情況？

我路過的時候爲使用應該從下面經過正確dtWithZone PostgreSQL的表信息下面路由功能pub_date

@app.route('/newmsg', methods=['GET', 'POST']) 
def newmsg(): 
    form = _appforms.MessagingForm() 
    if form.validate_on_submit(): 
     name = request.form['fullName'] 
     ip = request.access_route[0] # gives ip address of the visitor 
     unique_visitor_id = request.cookies.get("unique_visitor") 

     data = _utils.getJsonFromURL("http://ip-api.com/json/{}".format(ip)) 
     tz = "Asia/Kolkata" 
     if data["status"] == "success": 
      tz = data["timezone"] 

     flash("Your IP is {} and you are visiting this site from {} timezone.".format(ip, tz)) 

     dtWithZone = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.timezone(tz)) 
     msg = Messages(name, request.form['email'], request.form['message'], unique_visitor_id, dtWithZone) 
     _db.session.add(msg) 
     _db.session.commit() 
     msg = "Thank you, {}".format(name) 
     return render_template('thankyou.html', form=form, msg=msg) 
    return render_template('newMessage.html', form=form, title=" | Messaging", msg="Write your message") 

但是這是我的本地計算機上正常工作，看着表條目我可以看到：

8 | tester | local teasing |   | NV33A1L66 | f | 21:09:24.804903+05:30 

Answer 1

所以這裏的一對時區雅一個簡短的教程。要查看時區PostgreSQL有在其內部時區信息數據庫，運行此查詢：

select * from pg_timezone_names ; 
(edited list) 
       name    | abbrev | utc_offset | is_dst 
----------------------------------+--------+------------+-------- 
America/Denver     | MDT | -06:00:00 | t 
America/Phoenix     | MST | -07:00:00 | f 
America/New_York     | EDT | -04:00:00 | t 
America/Chicago     | CDT | -05:00:00 | t 
America/Los_Angeles    | PDT | -07:00:00 | t 

而這裏的設置TZ和插入時間戳的例子：

create table tztest (ts timestamptz, tz text); 
set timezone="America/New_York"; 
insert into tztest values ('2017-01-10 12:00:00','America/New_York'); 
set timezone='America/Chicago'; 
insert into tztest values ('2017-01-10 12:00:00','America/Chicago'); 
set timezone='America/Denver'; 
insert into tztest values ('2017-01-10 12:00:00','America/Denver'); 
set timezone='America/Phoenix'; 
insert into tztest values ('2017-01-10 12:00:00','America/Phoenix'); 
set timezone='America/Los_Angeles'; 
insert into tztest values ('2017-01-10 12:00:00','America/Los_Angeles') 
select * from tztest ; 
      ts   |   tz 
------------------------+--------------------- 
2017-01-10 09:00:00-08 | America/New_York 
2017-01-10 10:00:00-08 | America/Chicago 
2017-01-10 11:00:00-08 | America/Denver 
2017-01-10 11:00:00-08 | America/Phoenix 
2017-01-10 12:00:00-08 | America/Los_Angeles 

注意的是，雖然LA被列爲具有-07：00：00抵消，現在不是夏天，所以現在是1月份的-08：00：00。

若要查看實際存儲時間戳，時區設置爲UTC：

set timezone='UTC'; 
select * from tztest ; 
      ts   |   tz 
------------------------+--------------------- 
2017-01-10 17:00:00+00 | America/New_York 
2017-01-10 18:00:00+00 | America/Chicago 
2017-01-10 19:00:00+00 | America/Denver 
2017-01-10 19:00:00+00 | America/Phoenix 
2017-01-10 20:00:00+00 | America/Los_Angeles 

Answer 2

想通了自己, since PostgreSQL timezone aware, if we punch datetime with timezone it converts it to PostgreSQL local timezone , so on heroku it is set to UTC so it was always getting converted to UTC format, so I converted the column pub_date到db.String(24)和保存日期/時間/與TI mezone作爲字符串。這工作完美。

更新消息：

首先定義具有列表，其接受與日期時間時區：

的src/model.py

from sqlalchemy import MetaData 
from sqlalchemy import create_engine 
from sqlalchemy import DateTime 

db = SQLAlchemy(app) 

class Messages(db.Model): 
    __tablename__ = 'messages' 
    msgId = db.Column('msg_id', db.Integer, primary_key=True) 
    fullName = db.Column(db.String(60)) 
    message = db.Column(db.String) 
    email = db.Column(db.String, unique=True) 
    visitorId = db.Column(db.String(10)) 
    done = db.Column(db.Boolean) 
    pub_date = db.Column(DateTime(timezone=True)) 

然後從蟒終端：運行from src.model import db; db.create_all() 這將在prope中創建postgresql中的表列類型/名稱。 則有以下功能連接到PostgreSQL的使用用戶時區：

def insertIntoTable(dtWithZone, tableName, columValues): 
    db_uri = "postgresql://localhost/messages" 
    engine = create_engine(db_uri, connect_args={"options": "-c timezone={}".format(dtWithZone.timetz().tzinfo.zone)}) 
    meta = MetaData(engine, reflect=True) 
    table = meta.tables[tableName] 
    ins = table.insert().values(**columValues) 
    conn = engine.connect() 
    conn.execute(ins) 
    conn.close() 

完蛋了！

現在從路由功能，我做了以下變化：

@app.route('/newmsg', methods=['GET', 'POST']) 
def newmsg(): 
    form = _appforms.MessagingForm() 
    # if form.validate_on_submit(): 
    if request.method == "POST": 
     ip = request.access_route[0] 
     data = _utils.getJsonFromURL("http://ip-api.com/json/{}".format(ip)) 
     tz = "Pacific/America" 
     if data["status"] == "success": 
      tz = data.get("timezone") 

     dtWithZone = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.timezone(tz)) 
     name = request.form.get('fullName', "") 
     columValues = { 
     'pub_date' : dtWithZone, 
     'fullName' : name, 
     'visitorId': request.cookies.get("unique_visitor", ""), 
     'message' : request.form.get('message', ""), 
     'email' : request.form.get('email', "") 
     } 

     insertIntoTable(dtWithZone, 'messages', columValues) 
     msg = "Thank you, {}".format(name) 
     return render_template('thankyou.html', form=form, msg=msg) 
    return render_template('newMessage.html', form=form, title=" | Messaging", msg="Write your message") 

完美的作品（Y）