用另一個文件中指定的值替換字段

Question

我有一個包含單詞之間映射的文件。我必須引用該文件，並用某些文件中的映射文字替換這些文字。例如，下面的文件具有被映射像

1.12.2.4    1 
1.12.2.7    12 
1.12.2.2    5 
1.12.2.4    4 
1.12.2.6    67 
1.12.2.12    5 

我將有一個具有這些關鍵詞（1.12.2。*）許多文件的話表。我想要搜索這些關鍵詞，並用來自此文件的相應映射替換這些詞。如何在shell中執行此操作。假設一個文件包含以下行說

The Id of the customer is 1.12.2.12. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB 
The id is 1.12.2.4. He is from Psg. 

執行腳本後，將編號「1.12.2.12」和「1.12.2.4」應該由5和4（從主文件稱爲）來代替。誰能幫我嗎？

Answer 1

既然你還沒有提供任何例子，我想這是你想要什麼：

輸入文件

> cat temp 
1.12.2.4 1 
1.12.2.7 12 
1.12.2.2 5 
1.12.2.4 4 
1.12.2.6 67 
1.12.2.12 5 

文件被relaced

> cat temp2 
The Id of the customer is 1.12.2.12. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB 
The id is 1.12.2.4. He is from Psg. 

輸出

> temp.pl 
The Id of the customer is 5. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB 
The id is 4. He is from Psg 

> 

下面是perl腳本。

#!/usr/bin/perl 

use strict; 
use warnings; 

my %hsh=(); 

open (MYFILE, 'temp'); 
open (MYFILE2, 'temp2'); 

while (<MYFILE>) { 
my@arr = split/\s+/; 
$hsh{$arr[0]} = $arr[1]; 
} 
my $flag; 
while(<MYFILE2>) 
{ 
$flag=0; 
my $line=$_; 
foreach my $key (keys %hsh) 
{ 
    if($line=~/$key/) 
    { 
    $flag=1; 
    $line=~s/$key/$hsh{$key}/g; 
    print $line; 
    } 
} 
    if($flag!=1) 
    { 
    print $line; 
    $flag=0; 
    } 
} 
close(MYFILE); 
close(MYFILE2); 

Answer 2

一個使用GNU awk方式：

awk 'FNR==NR { array[$1]=$2; next } { for (i in array) gsub(i, array[i]) }1' master.txt file.txt 

結果：

The Id of the customer is 5. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB 
The id is 4. He is from Psg. 

要保存輸出到文件：

awk 'FNR==NR { array[$1]=$2; next } { for (i in array) gsub(i, array[i]) }1' master.txt file.txt > name_of_your_output_file.txt 

說明：

FNR==NR { ... } # FNR is the current record number, NR is the record number 
        # so FNR==NR simply means: "while we process the first file listed 
        # in this case it's "master.txt" 
array[$1]=$2  # add column 1 to an array with a value of column 2 
next    # go onto the next record 

{     # this could be written as: FNR!=NR 
        # so this means "while we process the second file listed..." 
for (i in array) # means "for every element/key in the array..." 
gsub(i, array[i]) # perform a global substitution on each line replacing the key 
        # with it's value if found 
}1    # this is shorthand for 'print' 

添加單詞邊界使匹配更爲嚴格：

awk 'FNR==NR { array[$1]=$2; next } { for (i in array) gsub("\\<"i"\\>", array[i]) }1' master.txt file.txt 

Answer 3

你可以有sed爲你寫的一sed腳本：

的映射：

cat <<EOF> mappings 
1.12.2.4    1 
1.12.2.7    12 
1.12.2.2    5 
1.12.2.4    4 
1.12.2.6    67 
1.12.2.12    5 
EOF 

輸入文件：

cat <<EOF> infile 
The Id of the customer is 1.12.2.12. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB 
The id is 1.12.2.4. He is from Psg. 
EOF 

基於映射（GNU SED）的腳本：

sed -r -e 's:([^ ]*) +(.*):s/\\b\1\\b/\2/g:' mappings 

輸出：

s/\b1.12.2.4\b/1/g 
s/\b1.12.2.7\b/12/g 
s/\b1.12.2.2\b/5/g 
s/\b1.12.2.4\b/4/g 
s/\b1.12.2.6\b/67/g 
s/\b1.12.2.12\b/5/g 

評估與另一sed（GNU SED）：

sed -r -e 's:([^ ]*) +(.*):s/\\b\1\\b/\2/g:' mappings | sed -f - infile 

輸出：

The Id of the customer is 5. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB 
The id is 1. He is from Psg. 

注意，映射爲正則表達式，例如處理過的點（.）可以表示任何字符，並且可能需要在映射文件中或在生成sed腳本時轉義。