Python：如何從模塊訪問類的屬性

Question

我有一個主要文件，主要包含GUI（Tkinter代碼）。一個窗口，其中有Label，Text區域，其中文本在用戶操作上更新並且Button。

# ~/main.py 
import Tkinter 
import buttonevent 
from itertools import cycle 

msglist = ['main_msg1\n', 'main_msg2\n', 'main_msg3\n', 'main_msg4\n'] 


class Root(object): 

    def __init__(self, master): 
     self.msglist = cycle(msglist) 
     self.master = master 
     self.frame1 = Tkinter.Frame(master) 
     self.frame1.pack() 
     Root.status = Tkinter.StringVar() 
     self.status_info = Tkinter.Label(self.frame1, textvariable=Root.status) 
     self.status_info.pack() 
     Root.status.set("Set by constructor") 

     self.frame2 = Tkinter.Frame(master) 
     self.frame2.pack() 
     Root.textinfo = Tkinter.Text(self.frame2, width=20, height=10) 
     Root.textinfo.insert(Tkinter.END, 'message 1') 
     Root.textinfo.config(font='Arial') 
     Root.textinfo.pack() 
     Root.textinfo.config(bg=master.cget('bg'), relief=Tkinter.SUNKEN) 
     Root.textinfo.configure(state='disabled') 

     self.frame3 = Tkinter.Frame(master) 
     self.frame3.pack() 
     self.button = Tkinter.Button(self.frame3, text='Ok', command=self.ok) 
     self.button.pack() 

    def ok(self): 
     text_info(self.msglist.next()) 
     buttonevent.do_event() 
     buttonevent.do_stuff() 


def text_info(msg): 
    Root.textinfo.configure(state='normal') 
    Root.textinfo.insert(Tkinter.END, msg) 
    Root.textinfo.see(Tkinter.END) 
    Root.textinfo.configure(state='disabled') 


if __name__ == '__main__': 
    root = Tkinter.Tk() 
    main_window = Root(root) 
    root.mainloop() 

用戶操作在不同的文件上定義。

# ~/buttonevent.py 

from itertools import cycle 
import main 

do_msg = ['do_msg1\n', 'do_msg2\n', 'do_msg3\n', 'do_msg4\n'] 
msg = cycle(do_msg) 


def do_event(): 
    # do something 
    main.text_info(msg.next()) 


def do_stuff(): 
    # do something 
    print 'doing stuff' 

以前的代碼是在一個單一的文件，現在我試圖把它寫成一個多文件的基礎上它的功能。基本上，當用戶做一些事情時，一條消息將顯示在Text區域。由於Text字段顯示消息並且在每次顯示/活動/更新時都具有一些共同性，因此我在主文件中爲它創建了一個函數text_info。

說如果我想在Text字段上發送不同的消息以更新不同的文件，例如從buttonevent.py文件中，我該如何實現它。

當我運行它，我得到錯誤的

$ python main.py 
do_msg1 

Exception in Tkinter callback 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "/home/miniconda2/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 1537, in __call__ 
    return self.func(*args) 
    File "main.py", line 38, in ok 
    buttonevent.do_event() 
    File "/home/buttonevent.py", line 14, in do_event 
    main.text_info(xx) 
    File "/home/main.py", line 51, in text_info 
    Root.textinfo.configure(state='normal') 
AttributeError: type object 'Root' has no attribute 'textinfo' 

1. 我如何可以調用主PY-文件的功能從不同的PY-文件。
2. 什麼是最好的方式，我應該做的main.py文件
3. 使用class或function爲text_info如果這不是代碼的正確方法，請大家指正。

Answer 1

你可以達到你想要的東西通過給根實例的引用作爲參數傳遞給函數：

而不是分配到根類：

Root.status = Tkinter.StringVar() 

把它分配給根實例：

self.status = Tkinter.StringVar() 

沒有理由將它分配給Root類而不是實例self，因爲它的所有權也是Root實例的一部分：它是啓動事件進行更新的Root實例（Tkinter部分）的組件。 然後，您可以給自己作爲參數傳遞給您的buttonevent：

def ok(self): 
    text_info(self.msglist.next()) 
    buttonevent.do_event(self) 
    buttonevent.do_stuff(self) 

然後你就可以讓你的類的text_info部分：

class Root(object): 

    ... 

    def text_info(self, msg): 
     self.textinfo.configure(state='normal') 
     self.textinfo.insert(Tkinter.END, msg) 
     self.textinfo.see(Tkinter.END) 

並更改buttonevent這樣：

def do_event(root_instance): 
    # do something 
    root_instance.text_info(msg.next()) 

Answer 2

全部「根」。改爲「自我」。 main.py

# ~/main.py 
import Tkinter 
import buttonevent 
from itertools import cycle 
curwin=None 
msglist = ['main_msg1\n', 'main_msg2\n', 'main_msg3\n', 'main_msg4\n'] 
class Root(object): 

    def __init__(self, master): 
     self.msglist = cycle(msglist) 
     self.master = master 
     self.frame1 = Tkinter.Frame(master) 
     self.frame1.pack() 
     self.status = Tkinter.StringVar() 
     self.status_info = Tkinter.Label(self.frame1, textvariable=self.status) 
     self.status_info.pack() 
     self.status.set("Set by constructor") 
     self.curmsg='message 1\n' 
     self.frame2 = Tkinter.Frame(master) 
     self.frame2.pack() 
     self.textinfo = Tkinter.Text(self.frame2, width=20, height=10) 
     self.textinfo.insert(Tkinter.END, 'message 1\n') 
     self.textinfo.config(font='Arial') 
     self.textinfo.pack() 
     self.textinfo.config(bg=master.cget('bg'), relief=Tkinter.SUNKEN) 
     self.textinfo.configure(state='disabled') 

     self.frame3 = Tkinter.Frame(master) 
     self.frame3.pack() 
     self.button = Tkinter.Button(self.frame3, text='Ok', command=self.ok) # "Ok" function defined for click event 
     self.button.pack() 

    def ok(self): 
     #self.text_info(buttonevent.curmsg) 
     self.textinfo.configure(state='normal') 
     self.textinfo.insert(Tkinter.END, buttonevent.curmsg) # get message from buttonevent.py and set for window. Fisrst clicking will get initalized curmsg value. if you want get value after click write buttonevent.do_event() above this codes. 
     self.textinfo.see(Tkinter.END) 
     self.textinfo.configure(state='disabled') 
     buttonevent.do_event() # calling buttonevent's do_event function so it means global message will be changed. next click you will see new value for message. 
     buttonevent.do_stuff() 

if __name__ == '__main__': 
    root = Tkinter.Tk() 
    curwin=Root(root) 
    root.mainloop() 

buttonevent。PY

# ~/buttonevent.py 

from itertools import cycle 
import main 

do_msg = ['do_msg1\n', 'do_msg2\n', 'do_msg3\n', 'do_msg4\n'] 
msg = cycle(do_msg) 
curmsg=msg.next() # Add this variable to call main.py to first click event 

def do_event(): 
    # do something 
    global curmsg #to edit variable value you must call it as global 
    curmsg=msg.next() #Changing variable value for each click 
    #Removed text_info function from main.py it is not necessary. 
def do_stuff(): 
    # do something 
    print 'doing stuff'