安裝升級到macports後需要.so文件的python包時出錯python 3.5

Question

我見過類似的問題，但是沒有給出我的問題的答案。

sudo port install py35-numpy 

但是，如果我嘗試安裝需要使用PIP 3 .so文件Python包：如果有一個有效的Macport我最近升級到Mac OS X上安裝Python包使用MacPorts的蟒蛇V3.5工作正常，我收到錯誤。例如，沒有皮塔斯港。首先，我安裝PIP

sudo port install py35-pip 

然後我使用PIP安裝pystan到我的Python 3.5目錄

sudo pip3 install --target=/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/ pystan 

Installing collected packages: Cython, numpy, pystan 
Successfully installed Cython-0.24 numpy-1.11.1 pystan-2.9.0.0 

不，它實際上並沒有安裝用Cython或numpy的，因爲他們已經在那裏。但後來，當我嘗試運行pystan：

Nate$ ipython 
Python 3.5.2 (default, Jun 27 2016, 03:10:38) 
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 

IPython 5.0.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. 
?   -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. 
%quickref -> Quick reference. 
help  -> Python's own help system. 
object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details. 

In [1]: import pystan 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
ImportError        Traceback (most recent call last) 
<ipython-input-1-7b354c723dbb> in <module>() 
----> 1 import pystan 

/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pystan/__init__.py in <module>() 
     7 import logging 
     8 
----> 9 from pystan.api import stanc, stan 
    10 from pystan.misc import read_rdump, stan_rdump 
    11 from pystan.model import StanModel 

/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pystan/api.py in <module>() 
    10 import hashlib 
    11 
---> 12 import pystan._api # stanc wrapper 
    13 from pystan._compat import string_types 
    14 from pystan.model import StanModel 

ImportError: dlopen(/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pystan/_api.so, 2): Symbol not found: _PyBaseString_Type 
    Referenced from: /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pystan/_api.so 
    Expected in: flat namespace 
in /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pystan/_api.so 

我看到了同樣的錯誤，當我試圖通過PIP安裝numpy的，同樣一個與netCDF4。

In [2]: import netCDF4 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
ImportError        Traceback (most recent call last) 
<ipython-input-2-f731da2de255> in <module>() 
----> 1 import netCDF4 

/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/netCDF4/__init__.py in <module>() 
     1 # init for netCDF4. package 
     2 # Docstring comes from extension module _netCDF4. 
----> 3 from ._netCDF4 import * 
     4 # Need explicit imports for names beginning with underscores 
     5 from ._netCDF4 import __doc__, __pdoc__ 

ImportError: dlopen(/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/netCDF4/_netCDF4.so, 2): Symbol not found: _PyCObject_Type 
    Referenced from: /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/netCDF4/_netCDF4.so 
    Expected in: flat namespace 
in /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/netCDF4/_netCDF4.so 

.so文件有什麼問題？或者，對於這個問題，我的電腦？

Answer 1

您確定pip3屬於由MacPorts安裝的版本pip，最好是pip-3.5？我的猜測是，您正在使用來自不同Python安裝的pip，因此它將C擴展連接到錯誤的Python庫，並從MacPorts強制安裝到Python3.5的軟件包目錄中。

要修復，請改用pip-3.5（然後您也可以省略--target選項）。

編輯：或執行sudo port select --set pip pip35，然後只使用pip。

編輯：我剛剛檢查，確實（當前）MacPorts pip版本根本不提供pip3命令，所以這顯然屬於不同的Python版本。做which -a pip3找出哪一個。