機架測試需要一個機架應用，但沒有給出

Question

使用Rails，水豚，Rspec的，（和Spring）我收到以下錯誤，當我運行一個功能規格：

> rspec spec/features/home_page_spec.rb 

錯誤：

ArgumentError: 
     rack-test requires a rack application, but none was given 
    # /Users/Will/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p481@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.4.4/lib/capybara/rack_test/driver.rb:16:in `initialize' 
    # /Users/Will/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p481@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.4.4/lib/capybara.rb:372:in `new' 
    # /Users/Will/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p481@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.4.4/lib/capybara.rb:372:in `block in <top (required)>' 
    # /Users/Will/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p481@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.4.4/lib/capybara/session.rb:79:in `call' 
    # /Users/Will/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p481@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.4.4/lib/capybara/session.rb:79:in `driver' 
    # /Users/Will/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p481@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.4.4/lib/capybara/session.rb:227:in `visit' 
    # /Users/Will/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p481@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.4.4/lib/capybara/dsl.rb:51:in `block (2 levels) in <module:DSL>' 
    # ./spec/features/home_page_spec.rb:22:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>' 

實例測試誤差：

Randomized with seed 4806 

visitor 

An error occurred in an after hook 
    ArgumentError: rack-test requires a rack application, but none was given 
    occurred at /Users/Will/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p481@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.4.4/lib/capybara/rack_test/driver.rb:16:in `initialize' 

    visits homepage (FAILED - 1) 

所以，如果有幫助，這是我的Gemfile：

group :development, :test do 
    gem 'rspec-rails' 
    gem 'factory_girl_rails' 
    gem 'faker' 
    gem 'capybara' 
    gem 'spring',  '1.1.3' 
end 

spec_helper，如果這能幫助：

require 'devise' 
require 'capybara/rspec' 

RSpec.configure do |config| 
    config.expect_with :rspec do |expectations| 
    expectations.include_chain_clauses_in_custom_matcher_descriptions = true 
    end 

    config.mock_with :rspec do |mocks| 
    mocks.verify_partial_doubles = true 
    end 

    config.include Capybara::DSL 

    config.filter_run :focus 
    config.run_all_when_everything_filtered = true 

    if config.files_to_run.one? 
    config.default_formatter = 'doc' 
    end 
    config.profile_examples = 10 
    config.order = :random 

    Kernel.srand config.seed 
end 

而且我rails_helper：

ENV['RAILS_ENV'] ||= 'test' 
require 'spec_helper' 
require File.expand_path('../../config/environment', __FILE__) 
require 'rspec/rails' 

# Add additional requires below this line. Rails is not loaded until this point! 
require 'capybara/rails' 

ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending! 

RSpec.configure do |config| 
    config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures" 

    config.use_transactional_fixtures = true 
    config.include Devise::TestHelpers, :type => :controller 


    config.infer_spec_type_from_file_location! 
end 

UPD home_page_spec.rb：

require 'spec_helper' 

feature "visitor" do 

    # describe 'on desktop' do 

    scenario 'visits homepage' do 

     visit '/' 

     expect(page).to have_content('Drivers') 

    end 

    scenario 'visits employer page' do 
     visit '/hire' 
     expect(page).to have_content('DriverHunt') 
    end 

    scenario 'visits contact page' do 

     visit '/contact' 

     expect(page).to have_content('DriverHunt') 

    end 

    scenario 'visits terms' do 

     visit '/terms' 

     expect(page).to have_content('DriverHunt') 

    end 

    scenario 'visits privacy' do 

     visit '/privacy' 

     expect(page).to have_content('DriverHunt') 

    end 

    # end 


    # describe 'on mobile' do 

    # scenario 'visits homepage' do 
    #  visit '/?mobile=1' 
    #  expect(page).to have_content('Drivers') 
    # end 

    # scenario 'visits employer page' do 
    #  visit '/hire?mobile=1' 
    #  expect(page).to have_content('DriverHunt') 
    # end 

    # scenario 'visits contact page' do 

    #  visit '/contact?mobile=1' 

    #  expect(page).to have_content('DriverHunt') 

    # end 

    # scenario 'visits terms' do 

    #  visit '/terms?mobile=1' 

    #  expect(page).to have_content('DriverHunt') 

    # end 

    # scenario 'visits privacy' do 

    #  visit '/privacy?mobile=1' 

    #  expect(page).to have_content('DriverHunt') 

    # end 

    # end 


end 

# # before :each do 
# #  User.make(:email => 'user@example.com', :password => 'password') 
# # end 

# # it "signs me in" do 
# #  visit '/sessions/new' 
# #  within("#session") do 
# #  fill_in 'Email', :with => 'user@example.com' 
# #  fill_in 'Password', :with => 'password' 
# #  end 
# #  click_button 'Sign in' 
# #  expect(page).to have_content 'Success' 
# # end 

# it "finds the homepage" do 
#  visit '/' 
#  expect(page).to have_content 'Driverdasdasd' 
# end 

Answer 1

嘗試：

cd spec 
rspec features/home_page_spec.rb